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Eadweard Muybridge's Phenakistoscope: Athletes – Boxing


Original disc

Detail view

Mirror simulation

Spinning disc

CREATOR Muybridge, Eadweard, 1830-1904, artist.
TITLE The zoopraxiscope* – Athletes – Boxing (No. 2, title from item.)
SUMMARY Images on a disc which when spun gives the illusion of two men boxing.
MEDIUM 1 print : lithograph, color.
CREATED/PUBLISHED c1893 (14666Y U.S. Copyright Office). Copyright by Eadweard Muybridge (expired).
SUBJECTS Boxing--1890-1900; Locomotion--1890-1900; Optical illusions--1890-1900.
FORMAT Optical toys 1890-1900; Lithographs Color 1890-1900.

Exhibited at "Moving Pictures : The Un-easy Relationship between American Art and Early Film" at the Williams College of Art, MA, and other venues, 2005-2007.

Call number: LOT 10440 [item] [P&P], Reproduction number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-05949 (digital file from original print), LC-USZC4-7692 (color film copy transparency);
Digital ID: ppmsca 05948 (digital file from original), cph 3g07692 (digital file from color film copy transparency); Card #: 00650867. No known restrictions on publication.

This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division
under the digital ID ppmsca.05949.
This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing.

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Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Modifications for Wikipedia

  • Taken from full-size tiff file
  • Cropped, centered, skewed, color corrected, cleaned up
  • Original cut from background and disc rotated
  • 13 copies rotated at multiples of 27.69 degrees
  • Animated gif versions: removal method return to background, frame delay 15/100 seconds, total runtime 1.95 seconds
  • Mirror simulation version: two black frames set to overlay and merged onto image layer, flipped horizontally
  • Original disc version: converted to jpg, 8/10, progressive 5 scans

Aotre-implijout

Public domain

This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 70 years or fewer.


You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States. Note that a few countries have copyright terms longer than 70 years: Mexico has 100 years, Jamaica has 95 years, Colombia has 80 years, and Guatemala and Samoa have 75 years. This image may not be in the public domain in these countries, which moreover do not implement the rule of the shorter term. Honduras has a general copyright term of 75 years, but it does implement the rule of the shorter term. Copyright may extend on works created by French who died for France in World War II (more information), Russians who served in the Eastern Front of World War II (known as the Great Patriotic War in Russia) and posthumously rehabilitated victims of Soviet repressions (more information).

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