Anna Aostria (1549-1580) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

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'''Anna Aostria''' (1549-1580) a oa ur briñsez aostrian, merc'h da [[Masimilian II an Impalaeriezh Santel]], kefrisa e 1568 da [[Karl Aostria (1545-1568)]] , priñs Asturiez, ha dimezet goude e 1570 d'e dad, roue Spagn, [[Fulup II Spagn]] .
 
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'''Anna of Austria''' (Cigales, [[Valladolid]], 1 November 1549 &ndash; [[Badajoz]], 26 October 1580), was Queen consort of Spain and Portugal by virtue of her marriage to King [[Philip II of Spain]].
 
==Family==
She was the first daughter of [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]], and [[Maria of Spain]]; so her maternal grandparents were [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]], and [[Isabella of Portugal]] (her husband's parents), and her paternal grandparents were [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]], and [[Anna of Bohemia and Hungary]]. Both Charles' and Ferdinand's mother was [[Joanna of Castile]], aka. Joanne the Mad (Juana la Loca), who was the daughter of King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and Queen [[Isabella I of Castile]]. Anna was born in Spain, but lived in [[Vienna]] from the age of four. She had many other siblings, two of whom became Holy Roman Emperors (Rudolf II and Matthias) and among her sisters was [[Elisabeth of Austria (1554–1592)|Queen Elisabeth of France]], wife of King [[Charles IX of France]].
 
==Biography==
[[File:Coat of Arms of Anna of Austria (1549-1580), Queen Consort of Spain.svg|thumb|left|210px|Coat of arms of Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain.]]
Anna was considered the favorite child of her father. The story goes that he enjoyed playing and gambling with her and once a meeting of the State of Hungary was postponed because Anna was sick. She received a Catholic education, even though her father was sympathetic to Lutheranism. Her many brothers, included the later emperors [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolph II]] and [[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias]], also [[Archduke Albert of Austria (1559–1621)|Archduke Albert of Austria]], were partially educated at the Spanish-Habsburg court.
 
As the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor, Anna was a desirable party for marriage at the European courts. Her parents thought of a Spanish marriage for its links between the Austrian and Spanish Habsburg families. Initially she had her cousin [[Don Carlos, Prince of Asturias|Don Carlos of Spain]] in mind, the only son of her maternal uncle [[Philip II of Spain]]. These plans were shattered in 1568 when Don Carlos died, due to falling out with his father and going on hunger strike. The Spanish marriage plans received a boost when Philip's third wife, [[Elisabeth of Valois]], died in child-birth, also in 1568, and Philip was so now a widower with two young daughters. Philip had been married three times before: first to his double firstly cousin [[Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal]], secondly to first cousin, one removed [[Mary I of England]], and thirdly to the aforementioned Elisabeth of Valois. Philip was now looking for his fourth wife, since he had no male heir since Don Carlos died. In February 1569, Anna's engagement to her uncle Philip II was announced and in May 1570 they married by [[Proxy marriage|proxy]].
 
Anna traveled from Austria to Spain in the autumn of 1570 accompanied by her brothers Albert and Wenzel. They traveled through the Netherlands, where Anna was accosted by friends and relatives of [[Floris Montigny]], the younger brother of the executed [[Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn|Count of Horn]]. Montigny had been imprisoned in Spain since 1567. Now the king had entered a new marriage, Montigny's family and friends dared to hope for leniency. They got the promise from the future queen that she would do her utmost to free Montigny. In 1790, a dramatic copper engraving made from a (probably imaginary) scene where the wife and the mother of Montigny and Anna on their knees begging to intercede for Floris. On October 3, Anna arrived on Spanish soil but before she could reach the king, Floris was secretly put to death on October 16, 1570. The historian John Brewer believes that Philip had him hastily executed, soon after the Philip's first meeting with Anna, in which he refused to free Floris.
 
Besides being her father's favorite child, she was also Philip's most beloved wife. But the marriage was at first opposed by many, including [[Pope Pius V]].<ref>[http://www.philipmould.com/catalogue.php?sid=2411&p= Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain- Spanish School]</ref> According to diplomats, the king was in love with his young bride. Philip was a conscientious monarch and maintained his relationship with Anna twice a week to write notes. It was Philip's fourth marriage, but the king still had no male heir. Anna completed her duties flawlessly in that regard. Not only was she a good step-mother to Philip's daughters [[Isabella Clara Eugenia]] and [[Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain|Catherine Michelle]]',<ref>[http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/DVN/lemmata/data/AnnavanOostenrijk Anna of Austria]</ref> but she also gave birth to five children, including sons.
 
There are no records of Philip having mistresses during the time of their marriage. Anna had a personality very much like his own, and he was devoted to her. Queen Anna was also vivid and cheerful, and managed to ease up some of the stiff atmosphere at the Spanish court. Anna busied herself mostly with needlework.
 
The couple travelled to Portugal, after the death of the childless [[Henry, King of Portugal|Henry of Portugal]], and the royal couple became seriously ill. At the time, Anna was pregnant with her daughter, Maria. The doctors who wanted to save her, left her to bleed for [[anemia]]. In much pain and after childbirth, she died of heart failure.
 
===Children===
# [[Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias]] (4 December 1571 – 18 October 1578), died in Philip's lifetime
# Charles Laurence (12 August 1573 –30 June 1575), died young
# [[Diego, Prince of Asturias]] (15 August 1575 – 21 November 1582), died in Philip's lifetime
# [[Philip III of Spain]] (3 April 1578 – 31 March 1621), succeeded his father, the only child to live to adulthood.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/456081/Philip-II "Philip II of Spain"] ''Britannica''</ref>
# Maria (14 February 1580 – 5 August 1583), died young
 
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Alonso Sánchez Coello 003.jpg|Anna of Austria, by [[Alonso Sánchez Coello]]
Image:Anthonis Mor 007.jpg|Anna by [[Antonis Mor]]
Image:Uczta monarsza.jpg|Philip and Anna banqueting with family and courtiers, by Alonso Sánchez Coello, c. 1596.
Image:Giuseppe Arcimboldi 007.jpg|Anna by [[Giuseppe Arcimboldo]]
</gallery>
 
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel top|collapsed=yes|width=100%}}
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|1= 1. '''Anna of Austria'''
|2= 2. [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|3= 3. [[Maria of Spain]]
|4= 4. [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|5= 5. [[Anna of Bohemia and Hungary]]
|6= 6. [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|7= 7. [[Isabella of Portugal]]
|8= 8. [[Philip I of Castile]]
|9= 9. [[Joanna of Castile]]
|10= 10. [[Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary]]
|11= 11. [[Anna of Foix-Candale]]
|12= 12. [[Philip I of Castile]] (= 8.)
|13= 13. [[Joanna of Castile]] (= 9.)
|14= 14. [[Manuel I of Portugal]]
|15= 15. [[Maria of Aragon and Castile]]
|16= 16. [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|17= 17. [[Mary of Burgundy]]
|18= 18. [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]]
|19= 19. [[Isabella I of Castile]]
|20= 20. [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]]
|21= 21. [[Elisabeth of Austria (1436-1505)|Elisabeth of Austria]]
|22= 22. [[Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale]]
|23= 23. [[Infanta Catherine of Navarre|Catherine of Foix]]
|24= 24. [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]] (= 16.)
|25= 25. [[Mary of Burgundy]] (= 17.)
|26= 26. [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] (= 18.)
|27= 27. [[Isabella I of Castile]] (= 19.)
|28= 28. [[Prince Fernando, Duke of Viseu|Ferdinand , Duke of Viseu]]
|29= 29. [[Infanta Beatrice, Duchess of Viseu|Beatrice of Portugal]]
|30= 30. [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] (= 18.)
|31= 31. [[Isabella I of Castile]] (= 19.)
}}</center>
{{Ahnentafel bottom}}
 
==References==
{{Commons category|Anna of Austria (1549-1580)|Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain}}
 
{{Reflist}}
 
 
 
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Habsburg]]|1 November|1549|26 October|1580|}}
{{S-bef|rows=2|before=[[Elisabeth of Valois]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=Consort of the [[Seventeen Provinces]]<br>of the [[Spanish Netherlands]] |years=1570–1580}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Elisabeth of Bourbon]]|as=consort of the [[Spanish Netherlands]]}}
|-
{{S-ttl|title=[[Royal Consorts of Spain|Queen consort of Spain]]|years=1570–1580}}
{{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[Margaret of Austria (1584–1611)|Margaret of Austria]]}}
|-
{{S-bef|before=[[Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal|Catherine of Castile]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[List of Portuguese queens|Queen consort of Portugal]]|years=1580}}
{{End}}
{{Spanish consorts}}
{{Austrian archduchesses}}
{{Portuguese consorts}}
 
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Austria, Anna Of
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1 November 1549
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Cigales]], [[Spain]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 26 October 1580
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Badajoz]], [[Spain]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Austria, Anna Of}}
[[Category:House of Habsburg]]
[[Category:Royal consorts of Naples]]
[[Category:Royal consorts of Sicily]]
[[Category:Portuguese queens consort]]
[[Category:Spanish royal consorts]]
[[Category:Austrian royalty]]
[[Category:1549 births]]
[[Category:1580 deaths]]
[[Category:Archduchesses of Austria]]
[[Category:Bohemian princesses]]
[[Category:Duchesses of Brabant]]
[[Category:Duchesses of Limburg]]
[[Category:Duchesses of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Duchesses of Burgundy]]
[[Category:Countesses of Burgundy]]
[[Category:Countesses of Flanders]]
[[Category:Countesses of Artois]]
[[Category:Countesses of Holland]]
[[Category:Countesses of Hainaut]]
[[Category:Duchesses of Milan]]
[[Category:Burials in the Pantheon of Kings at El Escorial, Madrid]]
 
 
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==Poltredaoueg==
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</gallery>
 
==Lennadurezh==
 
*J. Brouwer, ''Montigny, Representative of the Netherlands by Philip II'' (Amsterdam z.j. [1941]).
*R. Rodríguez Raso,'' Maximiliano de Austria, gobernador de Carlos V en España: cartas al emperador'' (Madrid 1963).
*Fernando González-Doria, ''Las Reinas de España'' (Madrid 1986).
*A.W. Lovett, ''Early Habsburg Spain, 1517-1598'' (Oxford 1986).
*John Lynch, ''Spain 1516-1598. From nation state to world empire'' (Oxford 1991).
*Geoffrey Parker, ''Philip II'' (Chicago / La Salle 1996).
*Henry Kamen, ''Philip of Spain'' (New Haven / London 1997).
*Manuel Ríos Mazcarelle, ''Reinas de España''. Casa de Austria (Madrid 1998).
*L. Cabrera de Córdoba, ''Historia de Felipe II, rey de España'', J. Martínez Millán and C.J. ed the Carlos Morales (Madrid 1998).
*Paula Sutter Fichtner, ''The Emperor Maximilian II'' (New Haven 2001).
*Pedro Gargantilla, ''Enfermedades de los reyes de España. Los Austrias. De la locura a la impotencia de Juana de Carlos II el Hechizado'' (Madrid 2005).
 
[[Rummad:rouanezed Spagn]]