Eleonora Breizh (1185-1241) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Pajenn nevez : '''Eleonora Breizh''' (1185-1241) a oa merc'h da Jafrez II (dug Breizh) ha da Constance de Bretagne. Bac'het e voe betek he marv gant hec'h eontr Yann Dizouar, ha gan... |
Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm |
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Linenn 2:
Bac'het e voe betek he marv gant hec'h eontr [[Yann Dizouar]], ha gant he c'henderv [[Herri III (Bro-Saoz)|Henri III]].
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'''Eleanor the "Fair Maid of Brittany", 5th Countess of Richmond''' (c. 1184 – 10 August 1241), also known as '''Damsel of Brittany''' or '''Pearl of Brittany''' for her peerless beauty, was the eldest daughter of [[Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany|Geoffrey Plantagenet]] and [[Constance, Duchess of Brittany]]. As the rightful heiress to vast lands including England, Anjou, and Aquitaine since 1203 and thus a potential threat to the throne of her uncle [[John of England]] and cousin [[Henry III of England]], she was imprisoned from 1202 and thus became the longest imprisoned member of an English royal family,<ref>[http://msngroup.aimoo.com/ALLMYTUDORShistorychat/rbor.msnw-action=get_message&mview=0&ID_Message=7904&LastModified=4675705518095491844.htm ALL MY TUDORS...history chat]</ref> which also led to her succession failure to [[Duchy of Brittany]]. Like [[Empress Matilda]] and later [[Elizabeth of York]], her claim to the English throne gained little (if any) support from barons, due to the incompletion of English succession law when female rights were somehow ignored. Some commented that her imprisonment was "the most unjustifiable act of King John".<ref>''The History of Bristol, Civil and Ecclesiastical: Including Biographical Notices of Eminent and Distinguished Natives'' by [[John Corry]] and [[John Evans]], p.219</ref><ref>''Chilcott's new guide to Bristol, Clifton and the Hotwells'', p.15</ref> Her long imprisonment was mysterious. Though apparently innocent and never tried, sentenced<ref>Sir Frederick Pollock, ''The History of English Law before the Time of Edward I'', vol. 2 [1898]</ref> or locked in a cell,<ref name=mcpe/> and lived a relatively comfortable life according to some reports, she was viewed as a "state prisoner", forbidden to marry and guarded closely even after her child-bearing years,<ref name=fvp/> and was kept in prison till her death.
==Childhood==
Eleanor, closely resembling her father, with dark and golden hair, flashing dark blue eyes<ref name=mcpe>''THE MAGNIFICENT CENTURY THE PAGEANT OF ENGLAND'', p.4~7</ref><ref name=wings>''Wings'', Literary Guild of America</ref> and a proudly arched nose,<ref name=wings/> became fatherless at the age of two and was brought up by her uncle [[Richard I]] and grandmother [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]].<ref name=pa>''Plantagenet ancestry: a study in colonial and medieval families'', by Douglas Richardson and Kimball G. Everingham, p.6</ref> However, it also meant that she was under Angevin custody, and thus even her mother, Constance, never considered her a potential heir to Brittany, which weakened her later claim to the duchy.<ref>''DUCHESSES AND DEVILS: THE BRETON SUCCESSION CRISIS (1148–1189)'', Melissa Pollock</ref> As her younger brother [[Arthur I of Brittany|Arthur]] was the heir presumptive to England, she was one of the most sought after princesses at that time.<ref name=mcpe/> In 1190, when Richard failed to marry his younger sister [[Joan of England, Queen of Sicily|Joan]] to [[Saphadin]], brother of [[Saracen]] leader [[Saladin]], he proposed that Eleanor should be the bride instead, but the negotiation was also in vain, as Saphadin showed no interest in [[Christianity]].<ref name=abhw>[http://www.abitofhistory.net/html/rhw/e.htm A Bit of History WebSite]</ref><ref name=ae>''The Angevin Empire''</ref> In 1193, she was engaged to [[Frederick I, Duke of Austria|Frederick]] son of [[Leopold V, Duke of Austria]] as part of the conditions to release of Richard who had been taken prisoner by the Emperor. However, when she was still on the way there with [[Baldwin of Bethune]] the next year, the duke died, so the marriage never took place,<ref name=pa/> and under order of the Pope she returned, accompanied by her grandmother Queen Eleanor.<ref name=mcpe/><ref name=ae/> In summer 1195, a marriage between her and [[Louis VIII of France|Louis]] son of [[Philip II of France]] was suggested for an alliance between Richard and Philip, but also failed. It is said that the Emperor opposed the marriage; and the failure was also a sign that Richard would replace Arthur with his only living brother, John. This soon led to a sudden deterioration between Richard and both Philip and Brittany.<ref name=mcpe/> In 1199 some thought Eleanor should be married to [[Odo III, Duke of Burgundy|Odo Duke of Burgundy]], but Philip ordered Odo not marry any female relatives of Richard.<ref name=gs>''Eleanor of Brittany and her Treatment by King John and Henry III'' by G. Seabourne</ref>
==Imprisonment==
===Capture===
Upon the death of [[Richard I of England]], a power struggle commenced between 12-year-old Arthur and King [[John of England]]. Between 1199 and 1200 Eleanor was likely to have appeared in England, probably already captured by John rather than at the [[Battle of Mirebeau]] along with Arthur and his knights. It was also said that Arthur had complained that John confined his sister before the battle, and when John declared his victory he never mentioned that he captured Eleanor.<ref name=gs/>
===Under John===
Arthur [[Arthur I, Duke of Brittany#Disappearance|disappeared]] mysteriously in 1203. However, as Eleanor was still a potential heiress to John, currently with no legitimate issue, at least preferable to later claimants to the throne such as Prince Louis of France, it was unlikely that John had already decided to confine his niece for life.<ref name=gs/>
On December 6 in the same year, John fled Normandy taking Eleanor as his captive. It was said that she was initially taken to North of England and then Bristol, guarded by 4 knights.<ref>''The History of Bristol, Civil and Ecclesiastical: Including Biographical Notices of Eminent and Distinguished Natives'' by [[John Corry]] and [[John Evans]], p.243</ref> In spring 1204, Philip II of France demanded that Eleanor be released in order to marry his younger son. In this year it was certain that she was imprisoned at [[Corfe Castle]], guarded by [[Stephen de Turnham]], along with 25 French knights loyal to her. After an attempt to escape, 22 of them were recaptured and starved.<ref>[http://historymedren.about.com/library/weekly/blcorfecastle.htm Corfe Castle]</ref> Eleanor lived in the [[Gloriet Tower]] added to Corfe at John's time, had meals in the Long Hall and was allowed to walk along the walls.<ref name=mcpe/> As well, she was allowed to have 3 maids, and was provided fabric for clothes and bedding, and pocket money as much as 5 mark per quarter.<ref>[http://brisray.com/bristol/bcastle2.htm Bristol Castle]</ref> She also got a saddle with gilded reins and scarlet ornaments from John, which implied that she might be a horsewoman, and that she could not always be confined in her room. John also sent her figs and almonds, so these might be of her favor. A shopping list for Eleanor in captivity was recorded and it suggested the aristocratic diet at that time. <ref>''1215: The Year of Magna Carta'', by [[Danny Danziger]] and [[John Gillingham]]:
A week's shopping list made for King John's niece Eleanor of Brittany gives a good idea of aristocratic diet: Saturday: bread, ale, sole, almonds, butter, eggs. Sunday: mutton, pork, chicken and eggs. Monday: beef, pork, honey, vinegar. Tuesday. pork, eggs, egret. Wednesday: herring, conger, sole, eels, almonds and eggs. Thursday: pork, eggs, pepper, honey. Friday: conger, sole, eels, herring and almonds.</ref> Initially John organized local barons to visit Eleanor in order to prove her well-being.<ref name=fvp/> In 1206, John entrusted her to [[Robert de Vieuxpont]].<ref>''The Reign of King John'', [[Sidney Painter]], p.108</ref> In 1208 the British bishops demanded the same as Philip II, when the death of Arthur became known to the public. In the same year, bishops of [[Nantes]], [[Vannes]] and [[Cornouaille]] openly attempted to liberate Eleanor, only to be frustrated by John, and many of her supporters were punished.<ref name=pa/> Eleanor was forced to entrust Brittany and Richmond to John, who referred her as his "dearest niece" while communicating with Bretons.<ref name=gs/> As the eldest daughter of Constance, Eleanor should have been recognized as [[Duke of Brittany|Duchess of Brittany]] after the death of her brother Arthur. But instead, the Breton barons (fearing King John's claims to rule Brittany in representation of Eleanor's rights or married her to a vassal loyal to England) made her younger half-sister [[Alix, Duchess of Brittany|Alix]] duchess instead. However, it was said Eleanor succeeded Arthur in Richmond and was thus styled '''5th Countess of Richmond''', and the Bretons, ignorant of her whereabouts, were always ready in case she was found.<ref name=mcpe/> In fact John permitted her to use the titles of Brittany and Richmond, and he even talked with Breton nobles about letting her go. He had Eleanor write a letter to Breton barons and churchmen, depicting herself in captivity, expressing her hope of being liberated, and asking them to arrive in England to negotiate with her release. This letter was the only surviving document by Eleanor.<ref name=gs/><ref name=fvp/> In May, she was kept at [[Salisbury]].<ref name=gs/>
In 1209, [[William I of Scotland]] sent his daughters Margaret and Isobel to John as hostages, and they were also imprisoned at Corfe Castle along with Eleanor. In June 1213, John sent green robes, lambskin-trimmed cloaks, and summer slippers to the captive princesses. They were sometimes allowed to ride out under the strictest guard. For Eleanor herself, she got robes of dark green with capes of cambric and hats trimmed with miniver.<ref name=mcpe/>
In 1213, John took Eleanor to blackmail [[Pierre I of Brittany]] husband and co-ruler of Alix and tempted him with Richmond, but Pierre kept loyal to France, even after the capture of his elder brother [[Robert III of Dreux|Robert]] by John at Nantes.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/angevin-empire Oxford Dictionary of British History:Angevin empire]</ref> In the same year John declared England as a papal fief, and [[Pope Innocent III]] thus claimed himself guardian of Eleanor. After reaching an agreement with John, the Pope would not accuse John of neither the death of Arthur nor the imprisonment of Eleanor. In February 1214, John campaigned in Aquitaine and Poitou with Eleanor, as well as his queen and Prince Richard,<ref name=gs/> against Alix, hoping to get Breton support and establish Eleanor as his puppet duchess, but only to be defeated at [[de La Roche-aux-Moines]]. In July, John withdrew to England, with the princess still in hand. In the same year John again talked with Breton nobles about the rights and freedom of Eleanor, but after this expedition John became convinced that he could get nothing from her claim, so he also recognized Alix as duchess of Brittany and never supported Eleanor even in name, and neither did later Henry III.<ref name=gs/>
The tensions between John and barons finally began to spill over into [[First Barons' War|war]] in 1215, and Prince Louis of France led an invasion to England and claimed English throne, as his consort Blanche was a maternal granddaughter of Henry II, whilst the Pope argued Eleanor had a better claim than his.<ref name=gs/>When the [[Magna Carta]] was issued that year, it was demanded that all hostages held by John including Scottish princesses and Welsh be released, however, it had nothing to do with Eleanor,<ref name=gs/> a proof that the rights of the females was somehow overlooked.<ref>''The pictorial history of England: being a history of the people as well a history of the kingdom'', by [[George L. Craik]]</ref>
John had considered to marry Eleanor to a loyal subordinate, but he never did; there were rumors that the princess was starved to death by orders of King John, but that was impossible as John predeceased her as long as 25 years.<ref>[http://web.me.com/abacusinfo/English_Monarchs/7._John.html LIVES OF ENGLAND’S MONARCHS by H. Eugene Lehman]</ref>
===Under Henry III===
John died towards the end of the civil conflict in 1216; although according to the laws of [[primogeniture]] the claim of Eleanor was better, English barons allowed King John's young son, [[Henry III of England|Henry]], to succeed, leaving the 32-year-old princess, now beautiful and defiant,<ref name=mcpe/> still in prison and guarded by [[Peter de Maulay]].<ref name=gs/>
As her claim to England and Aquitaine was a threat to the reign of both John and the later Henry III, before his death John believed that Eleanor should never be released, which would be agreed by Henry III and his regents.<ref name=fvp>''Feud, violence and practice: essays in medieval studies in honor of Stephen D. White'' by [[Belle S. Tuten]], [[Tracey L. Billado]], p.280-285</ref> Thus, albeit never a rallying point for English discontent during the early part of Henry III's reign,<ref name=gs/> Eleanor was still put under semi-captivity,<ref name=abhw/> or "under a gentle house arrest".<ref>[http://history-notes.co.uk/Kings%20and%20Queens/Henry%20III.html]</ref> Her survival was ensured according to the treaty between England and France.<ref name=abhw/> In 1219, her earldom of Richmond was given to Pierre I of Brittany after the recognition of [[William Marshal]] the regent of Henry, and it would never be returned even after Pierre renounced it in 1235. Henry III styled Eleanor, now with no title left, as "king's kinswoman",<ref name=pa/><ref name=gs/> or "our cousin".
In 1221, it was said that some people, maybe foreigners, planned to rescue Eleanor and deliver her to the King of France. In 1225, Peter de Maulay was accused of planning with the king of France to get a ship to spirit the princess away, and he subsequently fell out of favor. In fact the allegation might be false, only to discredit Peter and [[Peter des Roches]], who also fell out of favor in spring 1234. No matter whether the plot occurred or not, Eleanor was soon moved away from the coast. From June 13, 1222, she was transferred between [[Gloucester]] (July 31, 1222 to July 20, 1223), [[Marlborough, Wiltshire|Marlborough]] (August 20 to October 9, 1223 and January 1224) and [[Bristol]] (before [[Michaelmas]] 1224), finally settled at Bristol from June 1224 for a time.<ref name=gs/> Among them, Gloucester Castle temporarily moved all its original prisoners otherwhere to accommodate the princess.
Imprisoned and closely watched by Henry III, Eleanor lived and was treated as a royal princess, and it was recorded that she received generous gifts from the royal family.<ref name=abhw/>Henry III himself once sent her 50 yards of linen cloth, three wimples, 50 pounds of almonds and raisins respectively and a basket of figs;<ref>''Royal palaces: an account of the homes of British sovereigns from Saxon to modern times'' by Olwen Hedley, p.76</ref> he offered her another saddle; he once asked the mayor and bailiff to increase her household there.<ref>[http://brisray.com/bristol/bcastle5.htm Bristol Castle]:In a code of instructions signed at Berkeley, August 28th, 1249, the King enjoins the mayor and bailiff of Bristol "to lengthen three windows of his chapel, and to whitewash it throughout; also glass windows are ordered to be put in our hall at Bristol, a royal seat in the same hall, and dormant tables around the same, and block up the doors of the chapel beside our great hall there, and make a door in the chancel towards the hermitage; in that hermitage make an altar to St. Edward, and in the turret over that hermitage make a chamber for the clerk with appurtenances; also build a kitchen and a sewer beside the said hall, and find the wages of a certain chaplain whom we have ordered to celebrate divine service in the chapel of our tower there all the days of our life, for Eleanor of Brittany, our cousin, to wit, 50s. per annum."</ref> The governor there exhibited her to the public annually, in case there might be rumors that the royal captive had been injured. The fact might suggest that English people were sympathetic to her.<ref>''Chilcott's descriptive history of Bristol'' by John Chilcott, p.54</ref><ref>''Chilcott's new guide to Bristol, Clifton and the Hotwells'', p.16</ref> Sometimes local mayor, bailiffs, responsible civilians and certain noblewomen were permitted to visit her to prove her safety. She once appeared in Woodstock, safe and sound towards Henry III in November 1237. In the same year she was again kept at Gloucester Castle under the custody of William Talbot, and the sheriff there named [[John Fitz Geoffrey]] paid for her expenses; when Fitz Geoffrey was given 100 shillings as payment, it was only for her expenses and maintenance rather than for the castle. On Easter or November 1238, she was transferred back to Bristol.<ref name=gs/>
For where Eleanor was held, there are different versions. Some suggest that she was confined at a single place without any transfer. For example, ''[[A Child's History of England]]'' by [[Charles Dickens]] only mentioned her twice: John had already shut her up in a convent at Bristol when Arthur was murdered, and when John died she was still arrested there while "forgotten" by barons, implying that she spent her whole confinement in the convent. Other sources say that she was imprisoned at a certain castle, some say Corfe Castle, and others say Bristol Castle, for all the 39 years.
==Death and legacy==
Finally the captive princess died testate as a nun in 1241 at Bristol Castle at the age of 57 and initially buried at [[St James' Priory, Bristol|St. James' Church]], then reburied at [[Amesbury]] Abbey.<ref name=ro434>[http://www.royalist.info/execute/biog?person=434 RoyaList Online]</ref><ref name=hrl>Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1864) ''Annales Monastici Vol. I, Annales de Margan, Annales de Theokesberia, Annales de Burton (London), Annales de Theokesberia'', p. 118.</ref> She also donated her body there.<ref name=bho>''Houses of Benedictine nuns: Abbey, later priory, of Amesbury'', British History On-Line. Accessed 10 January 2011.</ref> It was also said that she died at [[Corfe Castle]].<ref>Mat. Par. Chron. Maj. iv. 163: "obiit Alienora filia Galfridi . . . in clausura diutini carceris sub arcta custodia reservata." Coke’s laborious attempt (Second Instit. 187) to make le maundement le roy of Stat. West. I. c. 15, mean "the order of the king’s court" will deceive no student of history. See Stephen, Hist. Crim. Law, i. 234, note 3.</ref>
[[The Chronicle of Lanercost]] claims that the remorseful Henry III had given a gold crown to Eleanor to legitimize himself and his descendants shortly before her death, and only three days later the crown was donated to young Prince Edward (the future [[Edward I of England]]) as a gift. Another version says that she only wore the crown for one day before returning it.<ref name=abhw/>
Upon her death, the ''[[Annales Londonienses]]'' recorded the event, referring her to: "Alienora quondam comitis Britanniæ filia, in custodia diuturni carceris strictissime reservata" (in English: Eleanor, the daughter of the late Count of Brittany, long established in the custody of the strictest prison reserved), and approved that she was the rightful heir to England,<ref>Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1882) Annales Londonienses and Annales Paulini (London), Annales Londonienses, p.38</ref> although some years after her death Henry III was still unwilling to admit that he was initially not the hereditary king of England.<ref>The compiler of the ''revised Glanvill'' of the Cambridge Library notices the casus Regis: Harvard Law Review, vi. 19.</ref> [[The Annals of Tewkesbury]] record the death "IV Id Aug" in 1241 of "Alienora de Britannia consanguinea domini regis Henrici Angliæ" (in English: Eleanor of Brittany
a blood relative of the lord King Henry of England).<ref name=hrl/> The Chronicle of Lanercost recorded Eleanor as being a most beautiful and courageous woman, who was also determined and tactful.<ref name=ro434/> The limited sources about her character also agree with the assessment and convicted that she never resigned to her fate,<ref name=mcpe/> even decades of confinement could not force her to relinquish her rights although depended on little hope.<ref>A new history of England, from the earliest accounts of Britain, to the ratification of the Peace of Versailles, 1763 [electronic resource] : .. / By Mr. Mortimer, p.421</ref> The bailiffs there were commanded to provide tapers and alms for her obsequies.<ref>''The English borough and royal administration, 1130-1307'', [[Charles R. Young]]</ref> In 1268, Henry III gave the manor of [[Melksham]], Wiltshere, a place that Eleanor had been fond of, to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and Arthur.<ref name=pa/><ref name=gs/><ref name=bho/> Thus Eleanor became a benefactress to the abbey.
Eleanor sometimes appears in historical fiction. In [[Thomas Costain]]'s novel ''Below the Salt'', the author has Eleanor escape, marry a knight with land in [[Ireland]], and raise a family there. ''[[In the Shadow of Midnight]]'' by [[Marsha Canham]] was also about the rescue of the princess and rightful heiress taken prisoner by King John. Both novels suggest that William the Marshal also wanted Eleanor to be liberated.
[[File:Thomas Costain Below the Salt Cover.jpg|right|thumb|Eleanor on the cover of ''Below the Salt'']]
Eleanor was the heroine of [[Rik Denton]]'s historical novel ''[http://www.renewableway.co.uk/people/denton/index.html The Shimmering Sky]'' as a lovely, beautiful, elegant and determined princess, with the background from 1215 to 1217: treated well while a captive at Corfe, upset for the death of her brother Arthur as well as her 22 knights and her own imprisonment but also knowing what King John was capable of, she had a complicated attitude towards him, and then fell in love with a former squire. She volunteered to negotiate with the rebel barons and succeeded, earning compliments from John. Hating wars and recognizing herself as the rightful heiress to England, she tried to get the crown upon the death of John, intending to be a peaceful ruler, but her plan failed, and the crown went to Prince Henry. However, as Prince Louis of France was leading an invasion to England, Eleanor again volunteered, disguised herself as a man and managed to negotiate with French invaders, making her well regarded in England after Louis was defeated. Some English thus wanted the princess to be released. Having recognized her intelligence and influence, the protectors William the Marshall and [[Hubert de Burgh]], while calling her as "a fine young woman indeed", also feared that she would be a threat to the throne in the future for her previous trial to take the throne, so they decided to keep her confined at Bristol.
==Ancestry==
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|1= 1. '''Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany'''
|2= 2. [[Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany]]
|3= 3. [[Constance, Duchess of Brittany]]
|4= 4. [[Henry II of England]]
|5= 5. [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]]
|6= 6. [[Conan IV, Duke of Brittany]]
|7= 7. [[Margaret of Huntingdon, Duchess of Brittany|Margaret of Huntingdon]]
|8= 8. [[Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou]]
|9= 9. [[Empress Matilda]]
|10= 10. [[William X, Duke of Aquitaine]]
|11= 11. [[Aenor de Châtellerault]]
|12= 12. [[Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond]]
|13= 13. [[Bertha, Duchess of Brittany]]
|14= 14. [[Henry, Earl of Northumbria]]
|15= 15. [[Ada de Warenne]]
|16= 16. [[Fulk of Jerusalem]]
|17= 17. [[Ermengarde, Countess of Maine]]
|18= 18. [[Henry I of England]]
|19= 19. [[Matilda of Scotland]] (sister of 28)
|20= 20. [[William IX, Duke of Aquitaine]]
|21= 21. [[Philippa, Countes of Toulouse]]
|22= 22. [[Aimery I, Viscount of Châttellerault]]
|23= 23. [[Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard]]
|24= 24. [[Stephen, Count of Tréguier]]
|25= 25. [[Hawise de Guingamp]]
|26= 26. [[Conan III, Duke of Brittany]]
|27= 27. [[Maud FitzRoy]] (daughter of 18)
|28= 28. [[David I of Scotland]] (brother of 19)
|29= 29. [[Maud, Countess of Huntingdon]]
|30= 30. [[William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey]]
|31= 31. [[Elizabeth of Vermandois, Countess of Leicester|Elizabeth of Vermandois]]
}}</center>
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==Sources==
{{Portal|Brittany}}
*[http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/PLANTAGENET.htm#Eleanor%20Maid%20of%20Brittany%20PLANTAGENET%20(C.%20Richmond) Tudor Place]
{{reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Plantagenet]]||1184|10 August|1241}}
{{s-reg|en}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Arthur I, Duke of Brittany|Arthur I of Brittany]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Countess of Richmond]]|years=1203–1219}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Peter I, Duke of Brittany|Peter I of Brittany]]}}
{{end}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Eleanor, Fair Maid Of Brittany
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1184
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 10 August 1241
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Corfe Castle]], [[Dorset]] (or [[Bristol Castle]])
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eleanor, Fair Maid Of Brittany}}
[[Category:1184 births]]
[[Category:1241 deaths]]
[[Category:House of Plantagenet]]
-->
[[Rummad:Tiegezh Plantagenet]]
[[Rummad:Kontezed Richmond]]
[[Rummad:Istor Breizh en XIIIvet kantved]]
[[cs:Eleonora Anglická (1184-1241)]]
[[el:Ελεονώρα της Βρεττάνης]]
[[eo:Eleonora (Bretonio)]]
[[fr:Aliénor de Bretagne (1185-1241)]]
[[he:אלינור מבריטני]]
[[is:Elinóra, mærin fagra af Bretagne]]
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