Ni endalc'hus hag ezdalc'hus : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù)
lañs
 
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù)
DDiverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm
Linenn 18:
 
 
In [[Malay language|Malaymalayeg]] and [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesianindonezeg]], the pronoun ''kita'' is inclusive, and ''kami'' is exclusive. That is, you may say "We (''kami'') will go shopping, and then we (''kita'') will eat," making it clear that your guest is not to accompany you to the market, but is invited to dinner. What you cannot do is be ambiguous as to whether your guest is included, as you can in English.
 
No European language makes this distinction, but it is quite common in the indigenous languages of eastern and southwestern Asia, America, Australia and the Pacific, as well as in some Creole languages.
 
[[AustronesianYezhoù languagesmalayek-polinezek|yezhoù aostreznezek]] (d.s. [[Malay language|Malaymalayeg]] and [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesianindonezeg]], [[Tagalog language|Tagalogtagalogeg]]...) and the languages of northern [[Australian Aboriginal languages|Australia]] to the [[Woiwurrung language]] down south, but rare in the [[Papuanyezhoù languagespapouek]] in between. ([[Tok Pisinpisin]], an English-Melanesian [[pidgin]], generally has the inclusive-exclusive distinction, but this varies with the speaker's language background.) It is widespread among the [[Dravidianyezhoù languagesdravidek]], the [[Munda languages]], and the languages of eastern [[Siberia]], such as [[Evenki language|Evenki]], though it has been lost from some. In [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|America]] it is found in about half the languages, with no clear geographic or genealogical pattern. It is also found in a few languages of the [[Caucasianyezhoù languages|Caucasuskaokazek]] and [[African languages|Sub-Saharan Africa]], such as [[Laal language|Laal]], and in the [[Indo-Europeanyezhoù languagesindezeuropek]] of [[Marathi]], [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]], and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]