Gour (yezhoniezh) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù) lañs |
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù) DDiverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm |
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Linenn 5:
[[deixis|deictic]] reference to the participant role of a referent, such as the speaker, the [[addressee]], and others. Grammatical person typically defines a language's set of personal [[pronoun]]s. It also frequently affects [[verb]]s, sometimes [[noun]]s, and [[genitive case|possessive]] relationships as well.
Distinctions fondamentales
Ces distinctions de personnes se retrouvent dans toutes les langues connaissant des distinctions de personnes.
On oppose trois personnes :
* la première correspond au locuteur (l'émetteur), à celui qui s'exprime directement : en français, elle pourra être représentée par des pronoms comme je, moi, mon ;
* le seconde est l'interlocuteur (le récepteur) : tu, toi, ton ;
* la troisième est toute personne ou chose dont on parle et qui ne participe pas au dialogue : il / elle, lui / elle, son.
Ces personnes varient en nombre :
* 1re personne du pluriel → un ensemble de personnes auxquelles appartient le locuteur : « nous » (en tant que groupe dans lequel l'interlocuteur est ou non compris ; voir plus bas à « Nous inclusif / exclusif ») ;
* 2e personne du pluriel → un ensemble des personnes (présentes ou non) auxquelles s'adresse le locuteur : « vous » ;
* 3e personne du pluriel → un ensemble de personnes ou de choses dont on parle : « eux ».
In [[Indo-European languages]], first-, second-, and third-person pronouns are all marked for [[Grammatical number|singular]] and [[plural]] forms, and sometimes [[dual grammatical number|dual]] forms as well (see [[grammatical number]]).
▲In [[Indo-European languages]], first-, second-, and third-person pronouns are all marked for [[Grammatical number|singular]] and [[plural]] forms, and sometimes [[dual grammatical number|dual]] forms as well (see [[grammatical number]]). Some languages, especially European, distinguish degrees of formality and informality. See [[T-V distinction]].
Other languages use different classifying systems, especially in the plural pronouns. One frequently found difference not present in most Indo-European languages is a contrast between [[inclusive and exclusive we|inclusive and exclusive "we"]], a distinction of first-person pronouns of including or excluding the addressee.
Some languages, especially European, distinguish degrees of formality and informality. See [[T-V distinction]]. Other languages have much more elaborate systems of formality that go well beyond the T-V distinction, and use many different pronouns and verb forms that express the speaker's relationship with the people he or she addresses. Many [[Malayo-Polynesian languages]], such as [[Javanese language|Javanese]] and [[Balinese language|Balinese]] are well known for their complex systems of [[Honorific|honorifics]]; [[Japanese language|Japanese]] and [[Korean language|Korean]] also have similar systems to a lesser extent.
The grammar of some languages divide the semantic space into more than three persons. The extra categories may be termed '''''fourth person''''', '''''fifth person''''', etc. Such terms are not absolute but can refer depending on context to any of several phenomena.
Linenn 53 ⟶ 31:
Some languages, the best-known examples being [[Algonquian languages]], divide the category of third person into two parts: '''''proximate''''' for a more topical third person, and '''''obviative''''' for a less topical third person. The obviative is sometimes called the fourth person.
Formes impersonnelles: $gour mann: The term '''''fourth person''''' is also sometimes used for the category of indefinite or generic referents, that work like ''one'' in English phrases such as "one should be prepared", when the grammar treats them differently from ordinary third-person forms.
==Gwelit ivez==
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