Stumm eus an 9 Ebr 2007 da 17:51 kemmañ Neal (kaozeal \| degasadennoù) 36 397 kemm DDiverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm ← Kemm kent		Stumm eus an 9 Ebr 2007 da 18:39 kemmañ dizober Neal (kaozeal \| degasadennoù) 36 397 kemm DDiverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm Kemm nevesoc'h →
Linenn 24: In [[Arabic language\|Arabic]], the use of the zero copula again depends on the context. In the present tense affirmative, the subject is simply juxtaposed with its predicate. When the subject is [[definite]] and the predicate [[indefinite]], a [[pronoun]] ([[agreement (grammar)\|agreeing]] with the subject) must be inserted between the two. For example: * محمد مهندس (''Muħammad muhandis'') = 'Muhammad is an engineer' (literally 'Muhammad an-engineer')▼ * محمد هو المهندس (''Muħammad huwa al-muhandis'') = 'Muhammad is the engineer' (literally 'Muhammad he the-engineer')▼ ~~The extra pronoun is needed to prevent the adjective qualifying the noun [[attributive adjective\|attributively]]:~~ * محمد المهندس (''Muħammad al-muhandis'') = 'Muhammad the engineer'▼ ~~(This is just a [[noun phrase]] with no copula. See ''[[al-]]'' for more on the use of definite and indefinite nouns in Arabic and how it affects the copula.)~~ <u>Amzer-vremañ stumm kadarnaat</u> ~~In the past tense, however, or in the present tense negative, the verbs ''kaana'' and ''laysa'' are used, which take the [[accusative case]]:~~ :Anv amstrizh (frazenn verb: verb-stagañ mann * كان محمد مهندسا (''Kaana Muħammad muhandisan'') = 'Muhammad was an engineer' (''kaana'' = '(he) was') (literally 'he-was Muhammad an-engineer') ▲:: محمد مهندس (''Muħammad muhandis'~~') = 'Muhammad is an engineer' (literally 'Muhammad an-engineer~~') ليس محمد مهندسا (''Laysa Muħammad muhandisan'') = 'Muhammad's not an engineer' (literally 'he-isn't Muhammad an-engineer'; the ''-an'' suffix marks the acusative)▼ ::'Muhammad is an engineer' ~~When the copula is expressed with a verb, no pronoun need be inserted, regardless of the definiteness of the predicate:~~ * ليس محمد المهندسا (''Laysa Muħammad al-muhandisan'') = 'Muhammad's not the engineer' ::(literally '~~he-isn't~~ Muhammad ~~the~~an-engineer') :Anv strizh (frazenn verb): verb-stagañ mann ▲:: محمد هو المهندس (''Muħammad huwa al-muhandis'~~') = 'Muhammad is the engineer' (literally 'Muhammad he the-engineer~~') ::'Muhammad is the engineer' ::(literally 'Muhammad he the-engineer') :Anv strizh (frazenn anv): verb ebet ▲:: محمد المهندس (''Muħammad al-muhandis'') ~~= 'Muhammad the engineer'~~ ::'Muhammad the engineer' <u>Amzer-vremañ stumm-nac'h</u> :Anv amstrizh (frazenn verb): verb-stagañ (''laysa'') :: ليس محمد مهندسا (''Laysa Muħammad muhandisan'') ::'Muhammad's not an engineer' ▲* ليس محمد مهندسا (''Laysa Muħammad muhandisan'') = 'Muhammad's not an engineer' ::(literally 'he-isn't Muhammad an-engineer'; the ''-an'' suffix marks the acusative) <u>Amzer-dremenet</u> :Anv amstrizh (frazenn verb): verb-stagañ (''kaana'') :: كان محمد مهندسا (''Kaana Muħammad muhandisan'') :: 'Muhammad was an engineer' (''kaana'' = '(he) was') ::(literally 'he-was Muhammad an-engineer') * E gandaeg:

Verb-stagañ mann : diforc'h etre ar stummoù