Yezh lieskreizennek : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù)
lañs
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù)
achu
Linenn 1:
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Er [[yezhoniezh]] e vez implijet an termen '''yezh lieskreizennek''' ([[Saozneg|saoz]]: [[:en:Pluricentric language|''pluricentric language'']]) evit komz eus ur [[yezh]] ganti meur a [[yezh unvan]] tost pe dostoc'h an eil ouzh eben, peurliesañ abalamour ma vez komzet an hevelep yezh e meur a vro disheñvel, da skouer:
 
disheñvel eo [[yezhadur]], [[geriaoueg]] ha reolennoù [[reizhskrivañ]] ar [[saozneg]] hervez al lec'h ma vez komzet, da skouer:
* English
For example, [[English language|English]] is a pluricentric language, with marked differences in pronunciation and spelling between the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States]], and a variety of accents of those and other English-speaking countries. It is usually considered a symmetric case of a pluricentric language, because no variety clearly dominates culturally. Statistically, however, American English speakers constitute more than 70% of native English speakers, with British English in second place at 16% and other varieties having less than 5% each. In recent decades, due to globalization, it is becoming increasingly decentralized, with daily use and state-wide study of the language in schools growing at a rapid rate in most regions of the world. British English was formerly dominant in the education systems of most regions where English was taught as a foreign language (L2). In former colonies, British English remains strong. Standard British English is also the primary form taught in the EU and the rest of Europe. In many regions of the world, the use of American English is beginning to accelerate, sometimes outstripping British English in terms of popularity among L2 student and business users. Other varieties of English, including [[Australian English|Australian]], [[New Zealand English|New Zealand]], [[Newfoundland English|Newfoundland]], [[South African English|South African]] and [[Canadian English|Canadian]], are almost unknown as distinct varieties in terms of the teaching of English as an L2 abroad.
 
: <u>Saozneg [[Stadoù-Unanet]]</u>
* German
:: "I never did that" ("biskoazh n'em eus bet graet se")
By contrast, [[Standard German]] is often considered an asymmetric case of a pluricentric language, because the standard used in [[Germany]] is often considered dominant, mostly because of the sheer number of its speakers and their frequent unawareness of the Austrian Standard German and [[Swiss Standard German]] varieties. While there is a uniform stage pronunciation (the ''[[Siebs]] Dictionary'') which is used in [[theatre]]s all across [[German language|German-speaking]] countries, this is not true for the standards applied at public occasions in Austria and Switzerland, which differ in [[pronunciation]], [[vocabulary]], and sometimes even [[grammar]]. Sometimes this even applies to [[news]] [[Broadcasting|broadcast]]s in [[Bavaria]], a German region with a strong separate cultural identity. The varieties of Standard German used in those regions are to some degree influenced by the respective [[dialect]]s (but by no means identical with them), by specific cultural traditions (e.g. in culinary vocabulary, which differs markedly across the German-speaking area of [[Europe]]), and by different terminology employed in [[law]] and [[administration]]. A list of Austrian terms for certain food items has even been incorporated into [[EU law]], even though it is clearly incomplete.
:: "Do you have a light?" ("ha tan ac'h eus?")
:: "faucet" ("tuellenn")
 
: <u>Saozneg [[Bro-Saoz]]</u>
* Portuguese
:: "I've never done that"
Portuguese varies mainly between [[Brazilian Portuguese]] and [[European Portuguese]]. Both dialects have undergone significant and divergent developments in phonology and in the grammar of their pronominal systems. Brazilian Portuguese is more conservative of the two in its phonology, but much less conservative in its grammar. The result is that communication between the dialects without previous exposure can be difficult, especially for a Brazilian attempting to understand European Portuguese speech. Each variety has its own [[orthography]], although spelling differences are small. Formal written standards remains grammatically close to each other.
:: "Have you got a light?"
:: "tap"
 
Rannyezhoù disheñvel ez eus ivez er Stadoù-Unanet hag er [[Rouantelezh-Unanet]] ivez ha doareoù saozneg disheñvel en [[India]], e [[Kanada]], en [[Aostralia]], h.a.
[[African Portuguese]] is based on the European dialect, but has undergone its own phonetic and grammatical developments, sometimes reminiscent of spoken Brazilian.
 
Meur a yezh liskreizennek a gaver en [[Euopa]] hag ivez dre ar bed, en o zouez:
* Spanish
[[Castilian Spanish]] is spoken in the central and southern parts of [[Spain]] while a range of [[Latin American Spanish]] is spoken in North, Central and South America, some with marked personalities like [[Rioplatense Spanish]] and [[Mexican Spanish]]. The two branches are perfectly intelligible in their [[acrolect]]s, except for minor vocabulary differences caused by the specific environment or demographic composition of the area where the language is spoken.
The [[basilect]]s have diverged more, with different slangs, foreign influences and choices in verbal forms.
However, the worldwide diffusion of [[telenovela]]s and [[Spanish-language music]] favor intercomprehension.
 
* [[Alamaneg]]: hervez ma vez komzet en [[Alamagn]], e [[Suis]] pe en [[Aostria]
* French
The two main standards of the French language are Parisian (Standard) French and Canadian French. The latter typically represents a French marked by much greater use of archaic vocabulary no longer current in metropolitan France. ''Québecois'' French also makes a conscious effort not to borrow foreign vocabulary (creating such words as "stationnement" for "parking", the English word used in French from France), making it prone to continued divergence from European French, although in Montreal it is common to hear "[[Franglais]]". Many English words, colloquialisms, and sayings are used abundantly. There is also a variety of French, [[Acadian]], which is distinct from [[Quebec French]] and is spoken mainly in the [[Maritimes|Maritime]] provinces, especially [[New Brunswick]]. Acadian is marked by differences in pronunciation, intonation, and vocabulary.
 
* [[Portugaleg]]: dreist-holl hervez ma vez komzet e [[Portugal]] pe [[Brazil]].
Minor standards can also be found in [[Belgium]] and [[Switzerland]], with a particular influence of Germanic languages on grammar and vocabulary, sometime though the influence of traditional dialects. In Belgium for example, various Germanic influences in the spoken French are evident in [[Walloon]] (for example,: to ''blink'' in English, German and Dutch, ''blinquer'' in Walloon and local French, ''briller'' in standard French). ''Ring'' (''rocade'' or ''périphérique'' in standard French) is a common word in the three national languages for [[Beltway]].
 
* [[Spagnoleg]]: diforc'h etre ar yezh evel ma vez komzet e [[Spagn]] diouzh un tu hag an doareoù all implijet e [[Kreziz Amerika]] ha [[Suamerika]]
* [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: despite sometimes significant differences in vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar between the [[Netherlands|Dutch]], [[Flanders|Flemish]], [[Surinam]], and the [[Netherlands Antilles]] variants, there is just one ''Standard Dutch'' [[orthography]] as regulated by the [[Dutch Language Union]].
 
* [[Galleg]]: disheñvel dreist-holl ar yezh evel ma vez komzet e [[Kanada]] diouzh un tu hag an doare ma vez komzet e [[Frañs]], met diforc'hioù all e [[Belgia]], [[Suis]], [[Stadoù-Unanet]] h.a.
* [[Korean language|Korean]]: North and South (to some extent&mdash;differences are growing; see [[Korean language North-South differences]])
 
* [[Goidelic languages|Gaelic]]: [[Scottish Gaelic|Scottish]], [[Irish language|Irish]] and [[Manx language|Manx]].
 
* [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]]: [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]] and [[Serbian language|Serbian]] standard forms that are sometimes considered either two or three separate languages for political reasons. Perhaps the biggest difference is in orthography, with the Serbian variety being written in the [[Cyrillic]] alphabet.