Stumm eus an 27 Ebr 2007 da 15:52 kemmañ Neal (kaozeal \| degasadennoù) 36 397 kemm DDiverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm ← Kemm kent		Stumm eus an 28 Ebr 2007 da 07:32 kemmañ dizober Neal (kaozeal \| degasadennoù) 36 397 kemm DDiverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm Kemm nevesoc'h →
Linenn 1: {{LabourAChom}} Er [[yezhoniezh]] e vez implijet an termen '''deskrivelezh''' ([[Saozneg\|saoz]]: [[:en:Descriptive linguistics\|''descriptivism'']]) evit komz ~~eus~~ar fed ma vez klasket deskrivañ ha dielfennañ mont-en-dro ur [[yezh]] dres evel ma vez implijet gant ur gumuniezh tud, da lâret eo e talvez kement ha plediñ gant implijoù gwirion ur yezh. Keit ha ma plede ar [[Yezhadur\|yezhadurioù]] a-gozh gant sevel reolennoù o tennañ da [[Dereadegezh (yezhoniezh)\|implijoù "reizh"]] ur yezh dreist-holl, e talvez an deskrivelezh da vetodologiezh pennañ ar yezhoniezh a-vremañ, da lâret eo deskrivañ implijoù gwirion ur yezh hep soursial hag-eñ int "reizh" pe get. is the work of analyzing and describing how [[language]] is spoken (or how it was spoken in the past) by a group of people in a speech community. All scholarly research in [[linguistics]] is descriptive; like all other sciences, its aim is to observe the linguistic world as it is, without the bias of preconceived ideas about how it ought to be. Accurate description of real speech is a difficult problem, and linguists have often been reduced to grossly inaccurate approximations. $More and more $corpus linguistics... Linguistic description is often contrasted with [[linguistic prescription]], which is found especially in [[education]] and in publishing. Prescription seeks to define standard language forms and give advice on effective language use, and can be thought of as the attempt to present the fruits of descriptive research in a learnable form, though it also draws on more subjective aspects of language aesthetics. Prescription and description are essentially complementary, but have different priorities and sometimes are seen to be in conflict. ~~===Descriptive approaches===~~ Linguistics has always required a process called ''description'', which involves observing language and creating conceptual categories for it without establishing rules of language. However in the 16th and 17th centuries, in which modern linguistics began, projects in lexicography provided the basis for 18th and 19th century [[Comparative method\|comparative work]] - mainly on [[classical languages]]. By the early 20th century, this focus shifted to [[modern languages]] as the descriptive approach of analyzing speech and writings became more formal. Despite this following appearance, the more fundamental ''descriptive'' method was used prior to the advent of ''prescription'', and is the key to linguistic research. The reason for this priorhood is that linguistics, as any other branch of science, requires observation and analysis of a [[natural phenomenon]], such as the order of words in communication, which may be done without prescriptive rules. In descriptive linguistics, nonstandard varieties of language are held to be no more or less correct than standard varieties of languages. Whether or not observational methods are seen to be more objective than prescriptive methods, the outcomes of using prescriptive methods are also subject to description. Accurate description of real speech is a difficult problem, and linguists have often been reduced to grossly inaccurate approximations. Almost all linguistic theory has its origin in practical problems of descriptive linguistics. [[Phonology]] (and its theoretical developments, such as the [[phoneme]]) deals with how [[native speaker]]s pronounce their languages. [[Syntax]] has developed to describe what happens when phonetics has reduced spoken language to a normalized control level. [[Lexicography]] collects "words" and their derivations and transformations: it has not given rise to much generalized theory. An extreme "mentalist" viewpoint denies that the linguistic description of a language can be done by anyone but a competent speaker. Such a speaker has internalized something called "[[linguistic competence]]", which gives them the ability to extrapolate correctly from their experience new but correct expressions, and to reject unacceptable expressions. There are tens of thousands of linguistic descriptions of thousands of languages that were prepared by people without adequate linguistic training. With a few honorable exceptions, all linguistic descriptions done before ca. 1900 are amateur productions. A linguistic description is considered descriptively adequate if it achieves one or more of the following goals of descriptive linguistics: Linenn 23 ⟶ 14: # A documentation of the [[vocabulary]], including at least one thousand entries. # A reproduction of a few genuine texts. ~~There are some bonus topics that might also be included, like an analysis of discourse and historical reconstructions.~~ == Gwelit ivez: ==

Deskrivelezh (yezhoniezh) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù