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Koazhadur (yezhoniezh) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

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Er [[yezhoniezh]] e vez implijet an termen '''koazhadur ''' ([[Saozneg|saoz]]: [[:en:Elision|''elision'']]) evit komz eus un doare [[metaplasmenn]] ma vez argaset ur [[sonenn]] pe zoken ur [[silabenn]] a-bezh diwar dibenn ur [[ger]], peurliesañ evit ma vije aesoc'h da distagañ pe c'hoazh evit abegoù o tennañ d'an [[eufoniezh]].
 
Peurliesañ e c'hoarzvez dre degouezh dre gomz pa gaozer buan pe buanoc'h hag hep teurel re a bled ouzh al live [[yezh]], met e degouezhioù all e c'hell bezañ implijet a-ratozh-kaer ha dre skrid zoken, dreist-holl evit an [[eufoniezh]], da lâret eo efedoù hesonoc'h, pa saver [[barzhoniezh]], da skouer e [[latin]] (tennet diwar [[Catullus]] 3):
'''Elision''' is the omission of one or more sounds (such as a [[vowel]], a [[consonant]], or a whole [[syllable]]) in a word or phrase, producing a result that is easier for the speaker to pronounce. Sometimes, sounds may be elided for [[euphony|euphonic]] effect.
 
: Skrivet:
Elision is normally unintentional, but it may be deliberate. The result may be impressionistically described as "[[slur (phonology)|slur]]red" or "[[mute (phonology)|mute]]d."
:: "Lugete, O Veneres Cupidinesque"
: Da vezañ lennet:
:: "Lugeto Veneres Cupidinesque".
 
An example of deliberate elision occurs in Latin poetry as a [[stylistic device]]. Under certain circumstances, such as one word ending in a vowel and the following word beginning in a vowel, the words may be elided together. Elision was a common device in the works of [[Catullus]]. For example, the opening line of Catullus 3 is: "Lugete, O Veneres Cupidinesque", but would be read as "Lugeto Veneres Cupidinesque".
 
Bez' e c'hell dont da vezañ degemeret furm koazhet ur [[ger]] er [[yezh unvan]] ma vez implijet alies a-walc'h hag gant meur a hini a-hed ar wezh, da skouer e [[saozneg]]:
The elided form of a word or phrase may become a standard alternative for the full form, if used often enough. In [[English language|English]], this is called a [[Contraction (grammar)|contraction]], such as ''can't'' from ''cannot.'' Contraction differs from elision in that contractions are set forms that have [[morphology (linguistics)|morphologized]], but elisions are not.
 
: ''can't'' degemeret ouzhpenn ''cannot'' ("n'hall ket")
A [[synonym]] for elision is ''[[syncope]]''. This term is most often associated with the elision of vowels between consonants (e.g., Latin ''tabula'' → Spanish ''tabla''). Another form of elision is ''[[aphesis]]'', which means elision at the beginning of a word (generally of an unstressed vowel).
 
The opposite of elision is [[epenthesis]], whereby sounds are inserted into a word to ease pronunciation.
 
Disheñvel eo ar c'hoazhadur siouzh ar [[sinkopenn]] dre ma vez hraet '''sinkopenn''' eus ar fed ma vez argaset sonennoù e-diabzrh ur ger keit ha ma reer '''koazhadur''' eus ar fed ma vez argaset ur sonenn diouzh dibenn ur ger. Pa vez argaset ur son diouzh penn-kentañ ur ger e reer [[apoherezenn]] eus an degouezh-se, da skouer:
Written representation
 
: <u>Koazhadur</u>
Even though the effort that it takes to pronounce a word does not hold any influence in writing, a word or phrase may be spelled the same as it is spoken, for example, in [[poetry]] or in the script for a [[theatre]] play, in order to show the actual speech of a character. It may also be used in an attempt to transcribe non-standard speech. Also, some kinds of elision (as well as other phonological devices) are commonly used in poetry in order to preserve a particular rhythm.
:: [[japaneg]] ''roku, shichi, hachi'' distaget ''rok', shich', hach' ''("c'hwec'h, seizh, eizh")
 
: <u>Sinkopenn</u>
In some languages employing the [[Latin alphabet]], such as English, the omitted letters in a contraction are replaced by an [[apostrophe]]. Greek, which uses its own alphabet, marks elision in the same way.
:: [[latin]] ''tab[u]la'' → [[spagnoleg]] ''tabla'' ("plankenn")
 
: <u>Apoherezenn</u>
Examples of elision in English :
:: [[alamaneg]]: ''[St]rand'' [[finneg]]: ''ranta'' ("aod")
 
''comfortable'': [kʌɱ.fɜ(ɹ).tə.bəl] → [kʌɱf.tɹ.bəl]
''fifth'': [fɪfθ] → [fɪθ]
 
Bez' e c'hell bezañ merket dre skrid, peurliesañ gant un [[skrab]] ('''''''), pe get, ne vern hag-eñ e vez koazhet ur sonenn dre gomz dre ret evel e brezhoneg ''pob[l]'', da skouer:
Japanese
 
: <u>Merket dre skrid</u>
Elision is extremely common in the pronunciation of the [[Japanese language]]. In general, a high vowel (/i/ or /u/) that appears in a low-pitched syllable between two voiceless consonants is devoiced, and often deleted outright. However, unlike French or English, Japanese does not often show elision in writing. The process is purely phonetic, and varies considerably depending on the dialect or level of formality. A few examples (slightly exaggerated; apostrophes added to indicate elision):
:: [[gresianeg]]: ''και εγώ'' → ''κ'εγώ'' ("ha me")
 
: <u>Nann-merket dre skrid</u>
:''Matsushita-san wa imasu ka?'' ("Is Mr. Matsushita in?")
:: [[brezhoneg]]: ''paotr'' distaget ''paot'''
:Pronounced: ''matsush'tasanwa imas'ka''
:: [[saozneg]]: ''fifth'' distaget [fɪθ] ("pempvet")
 
:''roku, shichi, hachi'' ("six, seven, eight")
:Pronounced: ''rok', shich', hach' ''
 
E yezhoù all ez eus reolennoù [[yezhadur|yezhadurel]] sklaer o tennañ d'ar c'hoazhadur, da skouer e [[tamileg]]:
:''Shitsurei shimasu'' ("Excuse me")
:Pronounced: ''sh'ts'reishimas' ''
 
Gender roles also influence elision in Japanese. It is considered masculine to elide, especially the final ''u'' of the polite verb forms (''-masu'', ''desu''), whereas women are traditionally encouraged to do the opposite. However, excessive elision is generally viewed as [[basilect]]ic, and inadequate elision is seen as overly fussy or old-fashioned. Some [[dialects of Japanese language|nonstandard dialects]], such as Satsuma-ben, are known for their extensive elision.
 
Latin
*insula: "isula"; "Isula"
:island
*x- (G. L.): "x-"; "z-"
*Gabriyel (H.): "Gabriel"; "gabrEel"
*Yahuwdiyth (H.): "Judith"; "yEUdiT"
*Yowsef (H.): "Joseph"; "yEOsef"
 
Spanish
 
The change of [[Latin]] into the [[Romance language]]s included a significant amount of elision, especially [[syncope]] (loss of medial vowels). In [[Spanish language|Spanish]], for example, we have:
*''tabla'' from Latin ''tabula''
*''isla'' from Latin ''insula'' (through ''*isula'')
*''alma'' from Latin ''anima'' (with [[dissimilation]] of ''-nm-'' to ''-lm-'')
*''hembra'' from Latin ''femina'' (with dissimilation of ''-mn-'' to ''-mr-'' and then [[epenthesis]] of ''-mr-'' to ''-mbr-'')
 
Tamil
[[Tamil language|Tamil]] has a set of rules for elision. They are categorised into classes based on the [[phoneme]] where elision occurs.
 
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 style="margin-top: 3ex; text-align=center" align=center
!ClassAnv namerummad !! PhonemeFonemenn
|-
| Kutriyalukaram || ''u''
Linenn 71 ⟶ 50:
| Oukaarakkurukkam || ''au''
|-
| Aaythakkurukkam || thelizherenn special characterarbnnik ''akh''
|-
| Makarakkurukkam || ''m''
Adtapet diwar « https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koazhadur_(yezhoniezh) »