Lammoù-dour an Iguazú : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

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'''Lammoù-dour an Iguazu ''' (pe '''Iguassu''', pe '''Iguaçu'''), anavezet e [[portugaleg]] evel ''Cataratas do Iguaçu'', hag e [[spagnoleg]] evel '''Cataratas del Iguazú''', a zo lammoù-dour war ar [[Stêr Iguazu]] a ra an harzoù etre [[stadoù Brazil|stad]] [[Paraná (stad)|Paraná]] e [[Brazil]] ha [[proviñsoù Arc'hantina|proviñs]] [[Misiones]] en [[Arc'hantina]]. Adal al lammoù-dour e komzer eus ''Iguazu Izel'' pe Uhel.
 
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Their name comes from the [[Guarani language|Guarani]] or [[Old Tupi|Tupi]] words ''y'' (IPA:[ɨ]) (water) and ''ûasú'' (IPA:[wa'su]) (big).<ref name=SATravel>[http://gosouthamerica.about.com/cs/southamerica/a/IguazuFalls.htm About.com: South America travel]</ref> Legend has it that a god planned to marry a beautiful aborigine named ''Naipí'', who fled with her mortal lover ''Tarobá'' in a canoe. In rage, the god sliced the river creating the waterfalls, condemning the lovers to an eternal fall.<ref name=Kerala/> The first European to find the falls was the Spanish [[Conquistador]] [[Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca]] in 1541, after whom one of the falls in the Argentine side is named.<ref name=SATravel/> The falls were rediscovered by Boselli<ref name=Kerala>[http://keralaarticles.blogspot.com/2007/11/iguazu-falls.html The Kerala Articles]</ref> at the end of the nineteenth century, and one of the Argentine falls is named after him.
 
Iguazu Falls was short-listed as a candidate to be one of the [[New7Wonders of Nature]] by the [[New Seven Wonders of the World]] Foundation. As of February 2009 it was ranking fifth in Group F, the category for lake, rivers, and waterfalls.<ref>[http://www.new7wonders.com/nature/en/liveranking/ New 7 Wonders of the Word: Live Ranking]</ref>
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== Douaroniezh ==
[[Restr:Iguazu Décembre 2007 - Panorama 8.2.JPG|thumb|left|Lammoù-dour an Iguazu]]
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=== Garganta ===
Unan anezho, anvet ''Garganta del Diablo'' pe ''Garganta do Diabol'' (''Korzailhenn an Diaoul'', e brezhoneg), zo dezhañ stumm un U, 82 metrad uhelder, 150 metrad ledander, ha 700 metrad hed. An hini souezhusañ eo, ha hennezh a verk an harz etre [[Arc'hantina]] (80%) ha [[Brazil]] (20%).
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Two thirds of the falls are within Argentine territory. <ref name=SATravel/> About 900 metres of the 2.7-kilometer length does not have water flowing over it. The edge of the [[basalt]] cap recedes only 3 mm per year.
The water of the lower Iguazu collects in a canyon that drains into the [[Paraná River]] in Argentina, shortly downstream from the [[Itaipu]] dam.
 
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== Monet di ==
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Mont a c'haller d'al lammoù-dour adalek div gêr a bep tu dezho:
* [[Foz do Iguaçu]] e Paraná, [[Brazil]]
* [[Puerto Iguazú]] , en [[Misiones]] , Arc'hantina,
* hag ivez adalek [[Ciudad del Este]] e [[Paraguay]], en tu all d'ar stêr Parana dirak Foz do Iguaçu.
 
 
<!--The falls are shared by the [[Iguazú National Park]] (Argentina) and [[Iguaçu National Park]] (Brazil). These parks were designated [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s in 1984 and 1986, respectively.<ref>[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list UNESCO.org]</ref>
 
On the Brazilian side there is a long walkway along the canyon with an extension to the lower base of the Devil's Throat. The Argentine access is facilitated by the {{lang|es|''Tren Ecológico de la Selva''}} ([[Rainforest Ecological Train]]), which brings visitors to different walkways. The ''Paseo Garganta del Diablo'' is a one-kilometer-long trail that brings the visitor directly over the falls of the Devil's Throat. Other walkways allow access to the elongated stretch of falls on the Argentine side and to the ferry that connects to the San Martin island.
 
The fall area provides opportunities for water sports and rock climbing.
{{wide image|Iguazu Décembre 2007 - Panorama 1.jpg|2000px|Panorama of the falls from Brazil}}
 
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== Lammoù-dour an Iguazu hag ar re all ==
[[Restr:CataratasdeIguazu.JPG|thumb|right|Gwelet eus ur c'harr-nij e tu Arc'hantina]]
[[Restr:Iguazu falls.jpg|thumb|right|Lammoù an Iguazu ]]
[[Restr:Garganta del Diablo or Devil Throat Iguazu Falls Argentina Luca Galuzzi 2005.JPG|thumb|right|Garganta del Diablo, pe ("Korzailhenn an Diaoul")]]
[[Restr:Iguazu Décembre 2007 - Panorama 3.jpg|thumb|right|Lamm-dour ha touristva brazilian]]
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Upon seeing Iguazu, the United States' First Lady [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] reportedly exclaimed "Poor [[Niagara]]!"<ref name=SATravel/> Iguazu is also often compared with Southern Africa's [[Victoria Falls]] which separates Zambia and Zimbabwe. Whilst Iguazu is wider because it is split into about 270 discrete falls and large islands, Victoria is the largest curtain of water in the world, at over 1600 m wide and over 100 m (350 ft) in height (in low flow Victoria is split into five by islands; in high flow it can be uninterrupted). The only wider falls are extremely large rapid-like falls such as the [[Boyoma Falls]]). With the flooding of the [[Guaíra Falls]] in 1982, Iguazu currently has the greatest average annual flow of any waterfall in the world.
 
The water falling over Iguazu in peak flow has a surface area of about 40 Ha (1.3 million ft²) whilst Victoria in peak flow has a surface area of over 55 ha (1.8 million ft²).<ref>[http://www.world-waterfalls.com/waterfall.php?num=147 World Waterfall Database-Victoria]</ref> By comparison, Niagara has a surface area of under 18.3 ha (600,000 ft²).<ref name=Niagara/> Victoria's annual peak flow is also greater than Iguazu's annual peak—9,100 m³/s versus 6,500—though in times of extreme flood the two have recorded very similar maximum water discharge (well in excess of 12,000 m³/s). Niagara's annual peak flow is about 2,800 m³/s, although an all-time peak of 6,800 has been recorded.<ref name=Niagara>[http://www.world-waterfalls.com/waterfall.php?num=142 World Waterfall Database-Niagara]</ref> Iguazu and Victoria fluctuate more greatly in their flow rate. Mist rises between 30 and 150 m (100 and 500 ft) from Iguazu's Devil's Throat, and over 300 m (1,000 ft) above Victoria (sometimes over 600 m).
 
Iguazu, however, affords better views and walkways and its shape allows for spectacular vistas. At one point a person can stand and be surrounded by 260 degrees of waterfalls. The Devil's Throat has water pouring into it from three sides. Likewise, because Iguazu is split into many relatively small falls, one can view these a portion at a time. Victoria does not allow this, as it is essentially one waterfall that falls into a canyon and is too immense to appreciate at once (except from the air).
As of July 24, 2006 a severe drought in South America had caused the river feeding the falls to become parched, reducing the amount of water flowing over the falls to 300 m³ (80,000 gallons) per second, down from the normal flow of 1,300 m³/s to 1,500 m³/s (350,000 to 400,000 ga/s). By early December, the flow was spectacular again, according to visiting tourists. This was unusual, as normally dry periods last only a few weeks.<ref name=Kerala/>
 
==Iguazu Falls in fiction==
{{Trivia|date=December 2008}}
Some movies/TV the Falls were featured in:
*''Shock Corridor'' (1963) (16mm color footage of the falls appear for a stylized effect in this black and white film)
* ''[[Moonraker (film)|Moonraker]]'' (1979), [[James Bond]] film
* ''[[The Mission (film)|The Mission]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Happy Together (film)|Happy Together]]'' (1997), by [[Hong Kong]] director [[Wong Kar-wai]]
* ''[[Mr. Magoo (film)|Mr. Magoo]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Miami Vice (film)|Miami Vice]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Smallville]]'' (2006) TV Series, episode "Zod"
* ''Godzilla 3D to the MAX'' (2007)
* ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]'' (2008)
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
==External links==
{{commons|Cataratas del Iguazú|Iguaçu Falls}}
*[http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/iguazu.html World Heritage Site]
{{commons|Cataratas del Iguazú|les chutes d'Iguaçu}}
* [http://www.visitiguazufalls.com.ar Cataratas del Iguazú]
* [http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=-25695944&x=-54436881&z=17&l=0&m=a Vue satellite des chutes] sur [[WikiMapia]]
 
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[[Rummad:Lammoù-dour Brazil]]