Thiệu Trị : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Pajenn krouet gant : "'''Nguyễn Phúc Miên Tông''' a voe an trede impalaer vietnamat eus tiegezh Nguyễn gant '''Thiệu Trị''' evel anv. Mab henañ an impalaer Minh Mạng oa...."
 
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Linenn 2:
 
Ganet eo bet d'ar 6 a viz Mezheven 1807. Aet eo da Anaon d'ar 4 a viz Du 1847. Renet en deus eus ar [[14 a viz C'hwevrer]][[1841]] betek e varv.
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Emperor Thiệu Trị was much like his father, Minh Mạng, and carried on his conservative policies of isolationism and the entrenchment of Confucianism. Highly educated in the Confucian tradition, Thiệu Trị had some curiosity about the West, but like his father was very suspicious of all non-Chinese outsiders. At this same time, the French were in a colonial race with Great Britain and were pushing hard for stronger relations with Indochina. This, just as in the reign of Minh Mạng, brought up Christian missionaries, mostly Spanish and French, who ignored the ban. When Trị began to imprison the missionaries, it prompted an immediate response from France. In 1843, the French government sent a military expedition to Indochina with orders to protect and defend French interests, free the illegal missionaries, if possible without causing an international incident.[2][3]
Gold lạng (Tael) of Thiệu Trị
 
Kendelc'her a reas Thiệu Trị gant politikerezh mirour e dad [[Minh Mạn]] : troc'hañ ar vro diouzh ar bed ha delc'her d'ur [[konfusianegezh |gonfusianegezh]] dibleg.[[Skeudenn:Gold lang Thieu Tri CdM.jpg|thumb|dehou|100px| ''Lạng'' ([[Tael]]) aour Thiệu Trị]]
Trị's determination to eliminate all Roman Catholic missionaries from his country could not be reconciled with a peaceful relationship with France. In 1845, this almost prompted a clash between Vietnam and the American warship USS Constitution which attempted to force Trị to free the missionary Dominique Lefèbvre, who had repeatedly come to Vietnam illegally multiple times. The French task force reached Tourane on 23 March 1847, and demanded that the safety of French nationals be assured and for Thiệu Trị to cease the persecution of missionaries.
Thiệu Trị
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese Thiệu Trị
Hán-Nôm 紹治
 
Stummet mat en hengoun konfusianat e oa dedennet un tamm gant ar bed kornôgat met magañ a rae un disfiz bras diouzh an diavaezourien ne oant ket Sinaiz, evel e dad.
The imperial mandarins put off delivering the emperor's reply and fighting broke out. Thiệu Trị had fortified the coast, but the French forces easily defeated the Vietnamese due to the Nguyễn Dynasty's inferior equipment. All of the Vietnamese coastal forts were destroyed and three Nguyễn junks were sunk before the French squadron sailed away. Trị called all missionaries enemy spies and demanded that all Christians should be executed on the spot. The mandarins did not put this order into effect and Emperor Thiệu Trị died shortly afterwards; no missionaries were actually ever executed during his reign.[4]
 
Kevezerezh oa d'ar mare-se etre [[Frañs]] hag ar [[Rouantelezh-Unanet]] evit trevadenniñ broioù. Klask a rae ar C'hallaoued kaout liammoù stankoc'h gant [[Indosina]].
An 1849 account of his death seems to have been the last case of East Asian royal human sacrifice after the practice was banned in China by the Kangxi Emperor in 1673. It was recorded that along with his grave goods, "Thien Tri" also entombed his childless wives with him.[5][6]
References
 
Dont a reas misionerien, gallaoued ha spagnoled dreist-holl, da [[Vietnam]] en desped da verz Minh Mạng eta.
Erica J. Peters - Appetites and Aspirations in Vietnam: 2011 -Page 32 "Tự Đức (1847–1883) Minh Mạng's eldest son, Thiệu Trị, ruled from his father's death in 1841 until his own demise in 1847. Thiệu Trị passed over his eldest son to leave the throne to his second son, who ruled from 1847 to 1883"
Jacob Ramsay Mandarins and Martyrs: The Church and the Nguyen Dynasty 2008 "The start of Thiệu Trị's reign saw, for example, an immediate revival of Buddhism at court. A devout Buddhist, Thiệu Trị ordered elaborate mourning rites for his father's funeral."
Nghia M. Vo Saigon: A History -2011 Page 59 "In March 1843, the Heroine arrived in Đà Nẳng harbor, asking for the release of five imprisoned missionaries. King Thiệu Trị complied."
Charles Keith - Catholic Vietnam: A Church from Empire to Nation -2012 Page 46 "The French raids at Đà nẵng in 1847 ended Thiệu Trị's more relaxed policies toward Catholics, and his successor the Tự Đức emperor, who came to power shortly thereafter, issued in the late 1840s and early 1850s a new wave of edicts ..."
Tylor, Edward. Primitive Culture, Vol 1, pp. 489 f. Holt, 1920. Accessed 5 Nov 2012.
 
Pa grogas Thiệu Trị da lakaat misionerien en toull e tegasas buan ur respont a-berzh Frañs. Kaset e voe ur c'horf brezelekaat gant Frañs e [[1843]]. An urzh en do da zieubiñ ar visionerien hep krouiñ un darvoud etrebroadel.
Mikkelson, Barbara. Snopes: "Just Dying to Get Out". 2 Nov 2006. Accessed 5 Nov 2012.
 
N'helle ket klotañ youl Thiệu Trị da argas an holl visionerien gant darempredoù plaen gant Frañs.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emperor Thiệu Trị.
 
Preceded by
E 1845 e voe tost un emgann etre Vietnam hag al lestr brezel amerikan USS Constitution a glaskas rediañ Thiệu Trị da lezel ar misioner [[Dominique Lefèbvre]] a zeue ingal enep lezenn da Vietnam, da vont.
Emperor Minh Mạng Nguyễn Dynasty Succeeded by
 
Tizhet e voe [[Tourane]] ([[Đà Nẵng]] e vietnameg) gant ar c'horf brezelekaat gall d'an [[23 a viz Meurzh]] [[1847]] o c'houlenn groñs e vefe e savete ar geodedourien c'hall hag e paouezfe Thiệu Trị da heskinañ ar visionerien.
 
Daleañ a reas mandarined an impalaer da reiñ ur respont ha kregiñ a reas an emgann. Lakaet en doa Thiệu Trị da sevel kreñvlec'hioù a-hed an aod met trec'het e voe aes Vietnamiz gant ar C'hallaoued abalamour da live izeloc'h dafar brezel. Distrujet e voe an holl greñvlec'hioù ha kaset teir jonkenn d'ar strad a-raok ma yeas kuit al listri gall.
 
Ober a reas Thiệu Trị spierien eus an holl visionerien ha goulenn a reas ma vefe lazhet an holl gristenien war ar plas. Ne voe ket sentet ouzh an urzh-se ha mevel a reas an impalaer nepell goude e 1849. Ne voe lazhet misioner ebet e-pad e renadur e gwirionez.