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Faskouriezh : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

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[[File:Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Benito Mussolini]] hag [[Adolf Hitler]]<br /> e [[1937]]]]
Ar '''Faskouriezh''' a zo un [[ideologiezh]] aotrouniek ha [[broadelour]] he deus aon rak un doare diskar sevenadurel ha broadel, hag a fell dezhi lakaat da darzhañ un adsavadeg vroadel dre uhelaat ar mennozhioù a [[gouenn|ouenn]] hag a [[broad|vroad]] ha dre luskañ an nerzh, an unvaniezh hag ar glander. <ref name="anatomnyfascismo">{{cite book | last =Paxton | first =Robert | title =''The Anatomy of Fascism''| publisher =Vintage Books| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism| isbn =1400033918}}</ref><ref name="natureoffascismo">{{cite book | last =Griffin| first =Roger | title =''The Nature of Fascism''| publisher =Palgrave Macmillan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fcn5ZtaPc7oC&dq=%22third+way%22+fascism+eatwell&lr= | isbn =0312071329}}</ref><ref name="britannicafasc">{{cite news|url=http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9117286|publisher=''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''|title=''Fascism''|date=[[8 Januarya viz Genver]] [[2008]]}}</ref><ref name="Passmore">{{cite book | last =Passmore| first =Kevin| title =''Fascism: A Very Short Introduction''| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=EQG0AAAACAAJ&dq=A+Very+Short+Introduction+passmore| isbn =0192801554}}</ref><ref name="walterlaq">{{cite book | last =Laqueuer| first =Walter| title =''Fascism: Past, Present, Future''| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fWggQTqioXcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fascism:+Past,+Present,+Future&sig=ACfU3U1n62biDhT9uHo0oHkCLSi97MrTmw | isbn =019511793X}}</ref>
 
Perzhioù liesek a ro ar glaskourien d'ar faskouriezh, met an elfennoù-mañ a vez gwelet evel elfennoù diazez : [[broadelouriezh]], [[milouriezh]], [[diktatouriezh]],[[aotrouniegezh]], [[poblelouriezh]], [[kenberc'hennouriezh]], [[stadouriezh]], [[emelouriezh sokial]] ha [[steuñverezh]].<br />Ouzhpenn-se e vez enebet ar faskouriezh ouzh ar [[frankizouriezh klasel]] hag ar [[komunouriezh|gomunouriezh]]<ref name="eatwellhist">{{cite book | last =Eatwell | first =Roger| title =''Fascism: A History''| publisher =University of Michigan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=x3U6AAAAMAAJ&q=fascism+eatwell&dq=fascism+eatwell&pgis=1|isbn=071399147X}}</ref><ref name="natureoffascismo">{{cite book | last =Griffin| first =Roger | title =''The Nature of Fascism''| publisher =Palgrave Macmillan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fcn5ZtaPc7oC&dq=%22third+way%22+fascism+eatwell&lr= | isbn =0312071329}}</ref><ref name="anatomnyfascismo">{{cite book | last =Paxton | first =Robert | title =''The Anatomy of Fascism''| publisher =Vintage Books| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism| isbn =1400033918}}</ref><ref name="paynee">{{cite book | last = Payne | first =Stanley | title =''A History of Fascism, 1914-45''| publisher =University of Wisconsin Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&dq=A+History+of+Fascism+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 | isbn =0299148742}}</ref><ref name="threefacesof">{{cite book | last =Nolte | first =Ernst | title =''Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism and National Socialism''| publisher =Holt, Rinehart and Winston| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=xX9AAAAAIAAJ&q=three+faces+of+fascism&dq=three+faces+of+fascism&pgis=1}}</ref><ref name="reheres">{{cite book | last =Fritzsche| first =Peter | title =''Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany''| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=xX9AAAAAIAAJ&q=three+faces+of+fascism&dq=three+faces+of+fascism&pgis=1 | isbn=0195057805}}</ref><ref name="britannicacollect">{{cite news|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9024764|publisher=''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''|title=''Collectivism'' |date=[[8 Januarya viz Genver]] [[2008]]}}</ref>
 
==Orin an anv==
Linenn 7 ⟶ 8:
 
== Daveoù ==
 
=== Skrivagnerien faskour ===
* [[Galeazzo Ciano|Ciano, GalezzoGaleazzo]]. 2001.– 1945 – ''The Ciano Diaries, 1939—1943''. – Simon Publications. – ISBN 1931313741978-1-931313-74-2.▼
 
* [[António de Oliveira Salazar|deDe Oliveira Salazar, António]] .– 1939. – ''Doctrine and Action: Internal and Foreign Policy of the New Portugal, 1928-1939.'' – Faber and Faber. ▼
* [[Giovanni Gentile|Gentile, Giovanni]]. – 1932. – ''[[The Doctrine of Fascism]]''. [[– Enciclopedia Italiana]].
▲* [[António de Oliveira Salazar|de Oliveira Salazar, António]] . 1939. ''Doctrine and Action: Internal and Foreign Policy of the New Portugal, 1928-1939.'' Faber and Faber.
* [[Oswald Mosley|Mosley, Sir Oswald]]. – 1968. – ''[[My Life (Sir Oswald Mosley autobiography)|My Life]]''. – Nelson Publications.
* [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini, Benito]] – 1998 – ''My Rise And Fall '' – Da Capo Press – ISBN 978-0-306-80864-7.
* [[José Antonio Primo de Rivera|de Rivera, José Antonio Primo]]. 1971. ''Textos de Doctrina Politica''. Madrid. ▼
* [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini, Benito]]. 1998.– 2006 – ''My RiseAutobiography: AndWith Fall"The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism"''. Da– CapoDover Press.Publications – ISBN 0306808641978-0-486-44777-3.
▲* [[José Antonio Primo de Rivera|Primo de Rivera, José Antonio Primo]]. – 1971. – ''Textos de Doctrina Politica''. – Madrid.
▲* [[Galeazzo Ciano|Ciano, Galezzo]]. 2001. ''The Ciano Diaries, 1939—1943''. Simon Publications. ISBN 1931313741
* [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini, Benito]]. 2006. ''My Autobiography: With "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism"''. Dover Publications. ISBN 0486447774
 
=== Klaskourien ===
* Baker, David. "– ''The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?"'' – New Political Economy, VolumeVol. 11, IssueNo [[2 June]] [[02/06/2006]] , pagespp. 227 – 250.▼
* Ben-Am, Shlomo., 1983. – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=yvSEAAAAIAAJ&q=%224th+of+August+regime%22&dq=%224th+of+August+regime%22&lr=&pgis=1 Fascism from Above: The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Spain, 1923-1930]''. – Oxford University Press. – ISBN 0198225962978-0-19-822596-6.▼
* Costa Pinto, António. 1995.– 1996 – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Z8Y9AAAACAAJ&dq=Salazar%27s+Dictatorship+and+European+Fascism:+Problems+of+Interpretation&lr= Salazar's Dictatorship and European Fascism: Problems of Interpretation]''. – Social Science Monographs. – ISBN 0880339683978-0-88033-968-1.▼
* [[Renzo De Felice|De Felice, Renzo]]. – 1977. – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=V7uxAAAACAAJ&dq=Interpretations+of+Fascism Interpretations of Fascism]''. – Harvard University Press. – ISBN 0674459628978-0-674-45962-5.▼
* [[Renzo De Felice|De Felice, Renzo]]. 1976.– 1978 – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ia2BdNGHRYoC&pg=PP1&dq=Fascism+:+an+informal+introduction+to+its+theory+and+practice&lr=&sig=ACfU3U1uWnBOMKbE48eeyWoDBvGW1UIe5Q Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice]''. – Transaction Books. – ISBN 0878556192978-0-87855-619-9.▼
* [[Roger Eatwell|Eatwell, Roger]]. – 1996. – ''Fascism: A History.'' – New York: Allen Lane.▼
* [[Peter Fritzsche|Fritzsche, Peter]]. – 1990. – ''Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany''. – New York: Oxford University Press. – ISBN 978-0-19-505780-5.▼
* Goldberg, Jonah – 2007 – ''Liberal Fascism: The Secret History of the American Left, from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning'' – New York: Doubleday – ISBN 978-0-385-51184-1.
* [[Roger Griffin|Griffin, Roger]]. – 1991. – ''The Nature of Fascism''. – New York: St. Martin’s Press.▼
* [[Roger Griffin|Griffin, Roger]]. – 2000. "– ''Revolution from the Right: Fascism''," chapterpennad ine David Parker (edemb.), ''Revolutions and the Revolutionary Tradition in the West 1560-1991'', – Routledge, London.▼
* Griffiths, Richard. – 2001. – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Y668AAAACAAJ&dq=Griffiths,+Richard+Fascism An Intelligent Person's Guide to Fascism]''. – Duckworth. – ISBN 0715629182978-0-7156-2918-5.▼
* Kallis, Aristotle A. ,"– ''To Expand or Not to Expand? Territory, Generic Fascism and the Quest for an '<q>&nbsp;Ideal Fatherland&nbsp;</q>'"' – Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 38, No. 2. (Apr., 2003), pp. 237-260.▼
* Lewis, Paul H. – 2002. – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=z3fgxOPSBb4C&dq=Latin+Fascist+Elites&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Latin Fascist Elites: The Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar Regimes]''. – Greenwood Publishing Group. – ISBN 027597880X978-0-313-01334-8.▼
* [[Walter Laqueur|Laqueur, Walter]]. – 1966. – ''Fascism: Past, Present, Future,'' – New York: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.– ISBN 978-0-19-511793-X6.▼
* [[Ernst Nolte|Nolte, Ernst]] – ''The Three Faces Of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism'', translated from the German by Leila Vennewitz,– London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, – 1965.▼
* [[Robert Paxton|Paxton, Robert O]].– 2005. – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism The Anatomy of Fascism]''. – Vintage Books. – ISBN 1400033918978-1-4000-3391-1.▼
* [[Stanley Payne|Payne, Stanley G]]. 2003.– 1966 – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=rsHyAAAACAAJ&dq=Spanish+Fascism&lr= Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism]''. Textbook– Publishers.Stanford University Press – ISBN 0758134452978-0-8047-0059-7.▼
* [[Stanley Payne|Payne, Stanley G]]. – 1987. – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mgDWLYcTYIAC&dq=Francisco+Franco+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 The Franco Regime, 1936-1975]''. – University of Wisconsin Press. – ISBN 0299110702978-0-299-11070-3.▼
* [[Stanley Payne|Payne, Stanley G]]. – 1995. – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&dq=A+History+of+Fascism+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 A History of Fascism, 1914-45]''. – University of Wisconsin Press. – ISBN 0299148742978-0-299-14874-4.▼
* [[Wilhelm Reich|Reich, Wilhelm]]. – 1970. – ''The Mass Psychology of Fascism''. – New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.▼
* Sauer, Wolfgang "– ''National Socialism: totalitarianism or fascism?"'', pagespp. 404-424 frome ''The American Historical Review'', VolumeVol. 73, IssueNo. #2, DecemberKerzu 1967. ▼
* [[George Seldes|Seldes, George]]. – 1935. – ''Sawdust Caesar: The Untold History of Mussolini and Fascism''. – New York and& London: Harper and Brothers.▼
* [[Alfred Sohn-Rethel]], Alfred – 1978 – ''Economy and Class Structure of German Fascism'', – London, CSE Bks,Books 1978– ISBN 0906336007978-0-906336-00-7.▼
* [[Zeev Sternhell|Sternhell, Zeev]] with& Sznajder, [[Mario Sznajder]]& andAsheri, [[Maia Asheri]].– [1989] 1994. – ''The Birth of Fascist Ideology, From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution.'', Trans. David Maisei.– Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.▼
* Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. – 1988. – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mT5DO_cVSfMC&dq=Popular+Autocracy+in+Greece,+1936-1941:+A+Political+Biography+of+General+Ioannis+Metaxas&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936-1941: A Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas]''. – Routledge. – ISBN 0714648698978-0-7146-4869-9.▼
* [[Eugen Weber|Weber, Eugen]]. – [1964] [[1985]]. – ''Varieties of Fascism: Doctrines of Revolution in the Twentieth Century,'' – New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, (Contains– chaptersPennadoù onzo fascistdiwar-benn movementsluskadoù infaskour e differentlies countriesbroioù.)▼
 
=== Notennoù ===▼
▲* [[Renzo De Felice|De Felice, Renzo]]. 1976. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ia2BdNGHRYoC&pg=PP1&dq=Fascism+:+an+informal+introduction+to+its+theory+and+practice&lr=&sig=ACfU3U1uWnBOMKbE48eeyWoDBvGW1UIe5Q Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice]''. Transaction Books. ISBN 0878556192
{{Daveoù|bannoù=2}}
▲* [[Renzo De Felice|De Felice, Renzo]]. 1977. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=V7uxAAAACAAJ&dq=Interpretations+of+Fascism Interpretations of Fascism]''. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674459628.
▲* Ben-Am, Shlomo. 1983. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=yvSEAAAAIAAJ&q=%224th+of+August+regime%22&dq=%224th+of+August+regime%22&lr=&pgis=1 Fascism from Above: The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Spain, 1923-1930]''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198225962
▲* [[Stanley Payne|Payne, Stanley G]]. 1987. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mgDWLYcTYIAC&dq=Francisco+Franco+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 The Franco Regime, 1936-1975]''. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0299110702
▲* Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. 1988. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mT5DO_cVSfMC&dq=Popular+Autocracy+in+Greece,+1936-1941:+A+Political+Biography+of+General+Ioannis+Metaxas&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936-1941: A Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas]''. Routledge. ISBN 0714648698
▲* [[Stanley Payne|Payne, Stanley G]]. 1995. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&dq=A+History+of+Fascism+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 A History of Fascism, 1914-45]''. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0299148742
▲* Costa Pinto, António. 1995. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Z8Y9AAAACAAJ&dq=Salazar%27s+Dictatorship+and+European+Fascism:+Problems+of+Interpretation&lr= Salazar's Dictatorship and European Fascism: Problems of Interpretation]''. Social Science Monographs. ISBN 0880339683
▲* Griffiths, Richard. 2001. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Y668AAAACAAJ&dq=Griffiths,+Richard+Fascism An Intelligent Person's Guide to Fascism]''. Duckworth. ISBN 0715629182
▲* Lewis, Paul H. 2002. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=z3fgxOPSBb4C&dq=Latin+Fascist+Elites&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Latin Fascist Elites: The Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar Regimes]''. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 027597880X
▲* [[Stanley Payne|Payne, Stanley G]]. 2003. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=rsHyAAAACAAJ&dq=Spanish+Fascism&lr= Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism]''. Textbook Publishers. ISBN 0758134452
▲* [[Robert Paxton|Paxton, Robert O]]. 2005. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism The Anatomy of Fascism]''. Vintage Books. ISBN 1400033918
 
▲* [[Roger Eatwell|Eatwell, Roger]]. 1996. ''Fascism: A History.'' New York: Allen Lane.
▲* [[Ernst Nolte|Nolte, Ernst]] ''The Three Faces Of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism'', translated from the German by Leila Vennewitz, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965.
▲* [[Wilhelm Reich|Reich, Wilhelm]]. 1970. ''The Mass Psychology of Fascism''. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
▲* [[George Seldes|Seldes, George]]. 1935. ''Sawdust Caesar: The Untold History of Mussolini and Fascism''. New York and London: Harper and Brothers.
▲* [[Alfred Sohn-Rethel]] ''Economy and Class Structure of German Fascism'',London, CSE Bks, 1978 ISBN 0906336007
▲* Kallis, Aristotle A. ," To Expand or Not to Expand? Territory, Generic Fascism and the Quest for an 'Ideal Fatherland'" Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 38, No. 2. (Apr., 2003), pp. 237-260.
* [[Jonah Goldberg|Goldberg, Jonah]]. 2007. ''[[Liberal Fascism]]''. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0385511841
▲* [[Peter Fritzsche|Fritzsche, Peter]]. 1990. ''Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505780-5
▲* [[Roger Griffin|Griffin, Roger]]. 2000. "Revolution from the Right: Fascism," chapter in David Parker (ed.) ''Revolutions and the Revolutionary Tradition in the West 1560-1991'', Routledge, London.
▲* [[Walter Laqueur|Laqueur, Walter]]. 1966. ''Fascism: Past, Present, Future,'' New York: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-19-511793-X
▲* Sauer, Wolfgang "National Socialism: totalitarianism or fascism?" pages 404-424 from ''The American Historical Review'', Volume 73, Issue #2, December 1967.
▲* [[Zeev Sternhell|Sternhell, Zeev]] with [[Mario Sznajder]] and [[Maia Asheri]]. [1989] 1994. ''The Birth of Fascist Ideology, From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution.'', Trans. David Maisei. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
▲* Baker, David. "The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?" New Political Economy, Volume 11, Issue [[2 June]] [[2006]] , pages 227 – 250
▲* [[Roger Griffin|Griffin, Roger]]. 1991. ''The Nature of Fascism''. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
▲* [[Eugen Weber|Weber, Eugen]]. [1964] [[1985]]. ''Varieties of Fascism: Doctrines of Revolution in the Twentieth Century,'' New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, (Contains chapters on fascist movements in different countries.)
 
▲=== Notennoù ===
{{reflist|2}}
 
{{Ideologiezh}}
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