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Linenn 3: {{Peurunvan}} Ur skourr eus ar [[yezhoù-nijerek kongoek]] eo ar '''yezhoù senoufoek''', ennañ ur 15 [[yezh]] bennaket komzet gant tro-dro da 1,5-2,7 milion a dud ene ~~holl~~norzh e[[Kostez an Olifant]], gevred [[Mali]] ha mervent [[Burkina Faso]].▼ ~~{{LabourAChom}}~~ Heñvel a-walc'h eo ar yezhoù senoufoek ouzh ar [[yezhoù gourek]] dre ma vez implijet gante [[Lostger\|lostgerioù]] evit merkañ [[Klas (yezhoniezh)\|klas]] an [[Anv-kadarn\|anvioù-kadarn]]. ▲Ur skourr eus ar [[yezhoù-nijerek kongoek]] eo ar '''yezhoù senoufoek''' komzet gant tro-dro da 1,5-2,7 milion a dud en holl e Teir [[Tonenn (yezhoniezh)\|zonenn]] e vez kavet er yezhoù senoufoek avat kentoc'h evit an div [[Tonenn (yezhoniezh)\|donenn]] kavet peurliesañ er [[yezhoù gourek]]. The '''Senufo languages''' (''Senoufo'' in [[Francophone]] usage) comprise ca. 15 languages spoken by the [[Senufo]] in the north of [[Côte d'Ivoire]], the southeast of [[Mali]] and the southwest of [[Burkina Faso]]. An isolated language, [[Nafaanra language\|Nafaanra]], is also spoken in the northwest of [[Ghana]]. The Senufo languages are generally considered a branch of the [[Gur languages\|Gur]] sub-family of [[Niger-Congo languages]]. Garber (1987) estimates the total number of [[Senufo]]s at some 1.5 million; the [[Ethnologue]], based on various population estimates, counts 2.7 million. ~~The Senufo languages are bounded to the west by [[Mande languages]], to the south by [[Kwa languages]], and to the north and east by Gur languages.~~ Levezonet eo bet ar yezhoù senoufoek gant ar [[yezhoù mandeek]]] komzet en o zro e meur a geñver, da skwer urzh ar frazenn [[rener]] - [[renadenn dra]] - verb kentoc'h evit an urzh kavet peurliesañ er [[yezhoù nijerek-kongoek]] all [[rener]] - [[verb]] - [[renadenn dra]]. The Senufo languages are like Gur languages in that they have a suffixal [[noun class]] system and that verbs are marked for aspect. Most Gur languages to the north of Senufo have a two tone [[downstep]] system, but the tonal system of the Senufo languages is mostly analysed as a three level tone system (High, Mid, Low). Setu penaos e vez isrannet ar yezhoù er [[familh-yezhoù\|skourr]]-mañ peurliesañ: The Senufo languages have been influenced by the neighbouring Mande languages in numerous ways. Many words have been borrowed from the Mande languages [[Bambara language\|Bambara]] and [[Jula]]. Carlson (1994:2) notes that ‘it is probable that several grammatical constructions are calques on the corresponding Bambara constructions’. Like Mande languages, the Senufo languages have a Subject-Object-Verb ([[SOV]]) [[constituent order]], rather than the [[SVO]] order which is more common in Gur and in [[Niger-Congo languages\|Niger-Congo]] as a whole. [[Image:Senufo languages.png\|thumb\|right\|379px\|Takad ar yezhoù senoufoek]] ~~==Classification==~~ Delafosse (1904:192–217) was the first linguist to write on the Senufo languages. He noted that the Senufo were often confused with the Mande, partly because of the fact that use of Mande languages by the Senufo was widespread: :''[L]a langue mandé s'est répandue parmi eux, des alliances nombreuses ont eu lieu... C'est là l'origine de la confusion que l ón a faite souvent entre Mandé et Sénoufo ... alors que, aut triple point de vue ethnographique, antropologique et linguistique, la différence est profonde entre ces deux familles.'' (p. 193) In the influential classifications of Westermann (1927, 1970[1952]) and Bendor-Samuel (1971), the Senufo languages were classified as Gur languages. Starting with Manessy (1975) however, this classification was called into doubt. In 1989, John Naden, in his overview of the Gur family, stated that ‘[t]he remaining languages, especially Senufo, may well be no more closely related to Central Gur than to Guang or Togo Remnant, or than these to Central Gur or Volta-Comoe’ (1989:143). Because of this, Williamson and Blench (2000:18,25-6) place Senufo as a branching immediately before Gur in the [[Volta-Congo]] node of the [[Niger-Congo languages\|Niger-Congo]] phylum. ~~==Subclassification==~~ Early Senufo classifications (e.g. Bendor-Samuel 1971) were mainly geographically motivated, dividing the Senufo languages into Northern, Central, and Southern Senufo. In subsequent years, this terminology was adopted by several linguists working on Senufo languages (Garber 1987; Carlson 1983, 1994). Mensah (1983) and Mills (1984) avoided this geographical terms but used mainly the same grouping, according to Garber 1987. [[SIL International]] in its Ethnologue subdivides the Senufo languages in six groups. Combining the two classifications results in the grouping below. ~~[[Image:Senufo languages.png\|thumb\|right\|379px\|Map of the Senufo language area showing the major groups and some neighbouring languages.]]~~ '''Yezhoù senoufoek an norzh''' *[[Yezhoù soupirek-mamarek]]

Yezhoù senoufoek : diforc'h etre ar stummoù