Impalaeriezh an Ac'haemenided : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

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The historical mark of the Achaemenid Empire went far beyond its territorial and military influences and included cultural, social, and religious influences as well. Many Athenians adopted Achaemenid customs in their daily lives in a reciprocal cultural exchange,<ref>{{cite book|title=Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century B.C.: A Study in Cultural Receptivity|author=Margaret Christina Miller|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|pages=243|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=oGXMMD5rXBQC&pg=PA243&dq=importance+of+Achaemenid+in+Iranian+culture&hl=en&ei=Pd0cTbbbK4H_8Abg0rSpDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> some being employed, or allied to the Persian kings. The impact of Cyrus the Great's [[Edict of Restoration]] is mentioned in Judeo-Christian text and the empire was instrumental in spread of [[Zoroastrianism]] as far east as China. Even Alexander the Great, the man who would set out to conquer this vast empire would respect its customs, by enforcing respect for the royal Persian kings including Cyrus the Great, and even by appearing in [[proskynesis]], a Persian royal custom, despite stern Macedonian disapproval.<ref>Arrian, [http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book7a.asp ''Anabasis Alexandri'' VII, 11]</ref><ref name>Plutarch, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plut.+Caes.+45.1 ''Alexander,'' 45]</ref> The Persian empire would also set the tone for the politics, heritage and history of modern Persia (now called [[Iran]]).<ref>{{cite book|title=Birth of the Persian Empire|author=Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, Sarah Stewart|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2005|pages=7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=a0IF9IdkdYEC&pg=PA7&dq=Iranian+identity+and+Cyrus+the+Great&hl=en&ei=q-AcTaX1IoOB8gbUzYToDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Iranian%20identity%20and%20Cyrus%20the%20Great&f=false}}</ref> The influence also encompasses Persia's previous territories collectively referred to as the [[Greater Persia]].
 
In the 5th century B.C.E., it is estimated that 50 million, or around 45% of the [[world population]] lived in the Achaemenid Empire, which would make it the [[Largest empires|largest empire]] in history in terms of percentage of world population.<ref name=Cook>While estimates for the Achaemenid Empire range from 10–80+ , most prefer 50 . Prevas (2009, p. 14) estimates 10 [http://books.google.com/books?id=1S-Q-6jDZ7AC&pg=PA14&dq=persian+empire++square+miles&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%20%20square%20miles&f=false 1]. Langer (2001, p. 40) estimates around 16 [http://books.google.com/books?id=MziRd4ddZz4C&pg=PA40&dq=persian+empire++people&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%20%20people&f=false 2]. McEvedy and Jones (2001, p. 50) estimates 17 [http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldhis.html 3]. Strauss (2004, p. 37) estimates about 20 [http://books.google.com/books?id=nQFtMcD5dOsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=battle+of+salamis+strauss&lr= 4]. Ward (2009, p. 16) estimates at 20 [http://books.google.com/books?id=8eUTLaaVOOQC&pg=PA16&dq=persian+empire++square+miles&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%20%20square%20miles&f=false 5]. Aperghis (2007, p. 311) estimates 32 [http://books.google.com/books?id=uug6VvJrxVYC&pg=RA11-PT139&dq=20-25++persian+empire 6]. Scheidel (2009, p. 99) estimates 35 [http://books.google.com/books?id=6vnkts2rOJUC&pg=PA99&dq=scheidel+35++2009&lr= 7]. Zeinert (1996, p. 32) estimates 40 [http://books.google.com/books?id=JgNlG_AI7bkC&pg=PA32&dq=persian+empire++people&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%20%20people&f=false 8]. Rawlinson and Schauffler (1898, p. 270) estimates possibly 50 [http://books.google.com/books?id=_NpJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA270&dq=persian+empire+50++people&lr=#v=onepage&q=&f=false 9]. Astor (1899, p. 56) estimates almost 50 [http://books.google.com/books?id=DNwaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA56&dq=persian+empire++square+miles&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%20%20square%20miles&f=false 10]. Lissner (1961, p. 111) estimates probably 50 [http://books.google.com/books?lr=&id=GQJIAAAAMAAJ&dq=Darius+twenty++people&q=fifty++people 11]. Milns (1968, p. 51) estimates some 50 [http://books.google.com/books?lr=&id=aEobAAAAYAAJ&dq=persian+empire+50++people&q=fifty++people 12]. Hershlag (1980, p. 140) estimates nearly 50 [http://books.google.com/books?id=awoVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA140&dq=persian+empire+50++people&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%2050%20%20people&f=false 13]. Yarshater (1996, p. 47) estimates by 50 [http://books.google.com/books?lr=&id=KKkUAQAAIAAJ&dq=persian+empire+50++people&q=50++people 14]. Daniel (2001, p. 41) estimates at 50 [http://books.google.com/books?id=AzqbYf9Q_2UC&pg=PA41&dq=persian+empire++people&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%20%20people&f=false 15]. Meyer and Andreades (2004, p. 58) estimates to 50 [http://books.google.com/books?id=Uwn9d01zMvAC&pg=PA58&dq=meyer+50++persian+empire&lr= 16]. Pollack (2004, p. 7) estimates about 50 [http://books.google.com/books?id=VtISTfUL-NAC&pg=PA7&dq=persian+empire+50++people&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%2050%20%20people&f=false 17]. Jones (2004, p. 8) estimates over 50 [http://books.google.com/books?id=75ueY2rqTYMC&pg=PA8&dq=persian+empire++square+miles&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%20%20square%20miles&f=false 18]. Safire (2007, p. 627) estimates in 50 [http://books.google.com/books?id=-BIGv9vIoqcC&pg=PA627&dq=persian+empire++square+miles&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%20%20square%20miles&f=false 19]. Dougherty (2009, p. 6) estimates about 70 [http://books.google.com/books?id=Hm_ZXXj-Lh0C&pg=PT5&dq=70++persian+empire#PPT5,M1 20]. Richard (2008, p. 34) estimates nearly 70 [http://books.google.com/books?id=toJI-Z_WAC0C&pg=PA34&dq=persian+empire++square+miles&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%20%20square%20miles&f=false 21]. Mitchell (2004, p. 16) estimates over 70 [http://books.google.com/books?id=JqeIpyQM9OcC&pg=PA16&dq=70++persian+empire&lr= 22]. Hanson (2001, p. 32) estimates almost 75 [http://books.google.com/books?id=6p5mAAAAMAAJ&dq=70++persian+empire&q=70++&pgis=1 23]. West (1913, p. 85) estimates about 75 [http://books.google.com/books?id=RWYAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA85&dq=persian+empire++people&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%20%20people&f=false 24]. Zenos (1889, p. 2) estimates exactly 75 [http://books.google.com/books?id=EzABAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=persian+empire+population&lr= 25]. Cowley (1999 and 2001, p. 17) estimates possibly 80 [http://books.google.com/books?id=l6JmAAAAMAAJ&dq=what+if%3F&q=70+&pgis=1 26]. Cook (1904, p. 277) estimates exactly 80 [http://books.google.com/books?id=258XAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA277&dq=persian+empire++square+miles&lr=#v=onepage&q=persian%20empire%20%20square%20miles&f=false 27].</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Estimates of World Population|author=U.S. Census Bureau|publisher=US Government|date=2010|accessdate=March 22, 2011|url=http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldhis.html}}</ref>
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