Kemmadur (yezhoniezh) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
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Er [[yezhoniezh]] e vez implijet an termen '''kemmadur''' ([[Saozneg|saoz.]]: [[:en:Consonant mutation|''consonant mutation'']]
Bez' e c'hell bezañ skrivet pe get hervez reolennoù reizhskrivañ pep [[yezh]].
Daoust ha ma vez brudet-meur ar [[yezhoù keltiek]] abalamour ma reont gant kemmadurioù, e vez kavet kemamdurioù a bep suert e meur a [[familh yezh]] all dre ar bed, da skouer:
* [[Japaneg]]
The [[Celtic languages]] are well known for their initial consonant mutations.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ball|first=M. J.|coauthors=N. Müller|title=Mutation in Welsh|location=London|publisher=Routledge|year=1992|id=ISBN 0-415-03165-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Fife |first=James |coauthors=Gareth King |chapter=Celtic (Indo-European) |title=The Handbook of Morphology |editor=in Andrew Spencer and Arnold M. Zwicky (eds.), |pages=477–99 |location=Oxford |publisher=Blackwell |year=1998 |id=ISBN 0-631-22694-X}}</ref> The individual languages vary on the number of mutations available: Scottish Gaelic and Manx have one, Irish has two, and the [[Brythonic languages]] Welsh, Breton and Cornish each have three (but not the same three). Additionally, Irish and the Brythonic languages have so-called "mixed mutations", where a trigger will cause one mutation to some sounds and another to other sounds. The languages vary on the environments for the mutations, though some generalizations can be made. In all the languages, feminine singular nouns are mutated after the definite article, and adjectives are mutated after feminine singular nouns. In most of the languages, the [[possessive adjective]]s trigger various mutations. Following are some examples from Breton, Irish and Welsh:▼
* [[indonezeg]]-[[malayeg]]
* [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Southern Paiute]]
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* West [[African languages]] such as [[Fula language|Fula]]
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* [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic language]] [[Luo language|Dholuo]], spoken in [[Kenya]], shows mutation of stem-final consonants, as does
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* [[Yezhoù germanek]], d.s. [[saozneg]]($fossilized: no longer productive):
: ''li'''f'''e'' ("buhez") - ''li'''v'''e'' (bevañ")
: ''brea{{IPA|['''θ''']}}'' ("anal") - ''brea{{IPA|['''ð''']}}e'' ("analañ")
* [[Yezhoù semitek]], d.s. [[hebraeg|hebraeg a-vremañ]]:
$
==Kemmadurioù er yezhoù keltiek==
▲The [[Celtic languages]] are well known for their initial consonant mutations.
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