Kemmadur (yezhoniezh) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù)
DDiverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù)
DDiverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm
Linenn 1:
{{LabourAChom}}
 
Er [[yezhoniezh]] e vez implijet an termen '''kemmadur''' ([[Saozneg|saoz.]]: [[:en:Consonant mutation|''consonant mutation'']], diwar al [[latin]] "lenis") war tachennoù ar [[fonologiezh]] hag ar [[morfologiezh|vorfologiezh]] evit komz eus ar fed ma c'hell kemmañ ur [[kensonenn|ghensonenn]] hervez reolennoù [[morfologiezh|morfologel]] ha/pe [[kevreadurezh|kevreadurezhel]] resis.
 
Bez' e c'hell bezañ skrivet pe get hervez reolennoù reizhskrivañ pep [[yezh]].
a [[consonant]] in a [[word (linguistics)|word]] is changed according to its [[morphology (linguistics)|morphological]] and/or [[syntax|syntactic]] environment.
 
Daoust ha ma vez brudet-meur ar [[yezhoù keltiek]] abalamour ma reont gant kemmadurioù, e vez kavet kemamdurioù a bep suert e meur a [[familh yezh]] all dre ar bed, da skouer:
Mutation phenomena are found in languages around the world. The prototypical example of consonant mutation is the initial consonant mutation of all modern [[Celtic languages]]. Initial consonant mutation is found also in [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] or [[Malay language|Malay]], in [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Southern Paiute]] and in several West [[African languages]] such as [[Fula language|Fula]]. The [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic language]] [[Luo language|Dholuo]], spoken in [[Kenya]], shows mutation of stem-final consonants, as does [[English language|English]] to a small extent. Mutation of initial, medial, and final consonants is found in [[Hebrew language|Modern Hebrew]].
 
* [[Japaneg]]
==Celtic==
 
The [[Celtic languages]] are well known for their initial consonant mutations.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ball|first=M. J.|coauthors=N. Müller|title=Mutation in Welsh|location=London|publisher=Routledge|year=1992|id=ISBN 0-415-03165-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Fife |first=James |coauthors=Gareth King |chapter=Celtic (Indo-European) |title=The Handbook of Morphology |editor=in Andrew Spencer and Arnold M. Zwicky (eds.), |pages=477–99 |location=Oxford |publisher=Blackwell |year=1998 |id=ISBN 0-631-22694-X}}</ref> The individual languages vary on the number of mutations available: Scottish Gaelic and Manx have one, Irish has two, and the [[Brythonic languages]] Welsh, Breton and Cornish each have three (but not the same three). Additionally, Irish and the Brythonic languages have so-called "mixed mutations", where a trigger will cause one mutation to some sounds and another to other sounds. The languages vary on the environments for the mutations, though some generalizations can be made. In all the languages, feminine singular nouns are mutated after the definite article, and adjectives are mutated after feminine singular nouns. In most of the languages, the [[possessive adjective]]s trigger various mutations. Following are some examples from Breton, Irish and Welsh:
* [[indonezeg]]-[[malayeg]]
 
* [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Southern Paiute]]
:
 
* West [[African languages]] such as [[Fula language|Fula]]
:
 
* [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic language]] [[Luo language|Dholuo]], spoken in [[Kenya]], shows mutation of stem-final consonants, as does
:
 
* [[Yezhoù germanek]], d.s. [[saozneg]]($fossilized: no longer productive):
: ''li'''f'''e'' ("buhez") - ''li'''v'''e'' (bevañ")
: ''brea{{IPA|['''θ''']}}'' ("anal") - ''brea{{IPA|['''ð''']}}e'' ("analañ")
 
* [[Yezhoù semitek]], d.s. [[hebraeg|hebraeg a-vremañ]]:
$
 
==Kemmadurioù er yezhoù keltiek==
The [[Celtic languages]] are well known for their initial consonant mutations.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ball|first=M. J.|coauthors=N. Müller|title=Mutation in Welsh|location=London|publisher=Routledge|year=1992|id=ISBN 0-415-03165-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Fife |first=James |coauthors=Gareth King |chapter=Celtic (Indo-European) |title=The Handbook of Morphology |editor=in Andrew Spencer and Arnold M. Zwicky (eds.), |pages=477–99 |location=Oxford |publisher=Blackwell |year=1998 |id=ISBN 0-631-22694-X}}</ref> The individual languages vary on the number of mutations available: Scottish Gaelic and Manx have one, Irish has two, and the [[Brythonic languages]] Welsh, Breton and Cornish each have three (but not the same three). Additionally, Irish and the Brythonic languages have so-called "mixed mutations", where a trigger will cause one mutation to some sounds and another to other sounds. The languages vary on the environments for the mutations, though some generalizations can be made. In all the languages, feminine singular nouns are mutated after the definite article, and adjectives are mutated after feminine singular nouns. In most of the languages, the [[possessive adjective]]s trigger various mutations. Following are some examples from Breton, Irish and Welsh:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"