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Linenn 1:
{{LabourAChom}}
Er [[yezhoniezh]] e vez implijet an termen '''hirder''' ([[saozneg|saoz.]]: [[:en:Nasalization|''nasalisation'']]) war tachenn ar [[fonologiezh]] hag ar [[fonetik]] evit komz eus ar fed ma vez leusket lod eus an aer o tont eus ar skevent da vont kuit dre ar fri dre izelaat an drekstaon (pe ''velum''), da lâret eo dre e evel ma vije [[Kensonenn kendistaget|kendistaget]] ur sonenn [[vogalenn|vogalennek]] pe [[kensonenn|kensonennel]] en ur distagañ ar sonenn [n] war un dro.
==Vogalennoù fri==
▲In the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] nasalization is indicated by printing a [[tilde]] above the symbol for the sound to be nasalized: {{IPA|[ã]}} is the nasalized equivalent of {{IPA|[a]}}, and {{IPA|[ṽ]}} is the nasalized equivalent of {{IPA|[v]}}. An older IPA subscript diacritic [ą], called an [[ogonek]], is still seen, especially when the vowel bears [[tone (linguistics)|tone]] marks that would interfer with the superscript tilde. {{IPA|[ą̂]}}, for example, is more legible in most fonts than {{IPA|[ã̂]}}.
The most common nasalized sounds are nasal vowels, found in [[French language|French]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], and the [[Texas]] "twang". There are occasional cases where vowels show contrasting degrees of nasality.
==Kensonennoù friet==
However, there are also nasalized consonants which contrast with purely oral consonants. Some of the [[Semitic_languages#Eastern_.28within_South_Semitic.29|South Arabic languages]] have nasalized fricatives, such as {{IPA|[z̃]}}, which sounds something like a simultaneous [n] and [z]. The sound written ''r'' in [[Mandarin (linguistics)|Mandarin]] has an odd history; for example, it has been borrowed into [[Japanese language|Japanese]] as both [z] and [n]. It seems likely that it was once a nasalized fricative, perhaps a palatal {{IPA|[ʝ̃]}}. In the [[Hupa language|Hupa]] [[velar nasal]] {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, the tongue often does not make full contact, resulting in a nasalized approximant, {{IPA|[ɰ̃]}}. This is [[cognate]] with a nasalized {{IPA|[j̃]}} in other [[Athabaskan languages]]. In [[Umbundu language|Umbundu]], phonemic {{IPA|[ṽ]}} contrasts with ([[allophone|allophonically]]) nasalized {{IPA|[w̃]}}, and so is likely to be a true fricative rather than an approximant.
Linenn 17 ⟶ 14:
Nasal stops are called stops because airflow through the mouth is blocked, but air flows freely through the nose.
==Kensonennoù fri==
Besides nasalized oral fricatives, there are true nasal fricatives, called ''nareal fricatives,'' sometimes produced by people with speech defects. That is, the turbulence in the airflow characteristic of fricatives is produced not in the mouth but in the nasal passages. A tilde plus [[diaeresis|trema]] diacritic is used for this in the [[Extended IPA]]: {{IPA|[n͋]}} is an alveolar nareal fricative, with no airflow out of the mouth, while {{IPA|[v͋]}} is an oral fricative (a [v]) with simultaneous nareal frication. No known natural language makes use of nareal consonants.
==
Nasalization may be lost over time. Cfr. Modern Greek
==Gwelit ivez:==
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