Stumm eus an 15 Gou 2007 da 18:43 kemmañ Neal (kaozeal \| degasadennoù) 36 397 kemm lañs ← Kemm kent		Stumm eus an 15 Gou 2007 da 19:58 kemmañ dizober Neal (kaozeal \| degasadennoù) 36 397 kemm DDiverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm Kemm nevesoc'h →
Linenn 4: Disheñvel eo un amprest rik neuze diouzh un [[drevezadenn (yezhoniezh)\|drevezadenn]] (pe [[:en:calque\|"''calque''"]]) ma vez troet ster ar gerioù orin, da skouer "skrab-oabl" troet ger-ha-ger diwar ar [[saozneg]] "''sky-skaper''" pe "[[Logodenn stlennegel\|logodenn]]" war dachenn an [[urzhiataerezh]] troer ivez diwar ar saozneg "''mouse''". Peurliesañ e vez amprestet gerioù eus ar [[rummad gerioù digor]], da skouer [[anv-kadarn\|anvioù]] ha [[verb\|verboù]] evit gerioù eus ar [[rummad gerioù kloz]] ha tennañ a reont ken alies all da elfennoù sevenadurel o tont eus an diavaez, da skouer anvioù loened estren, pe [[nevezc'her\|nevezc'herioù]] teknikel, o tont hiviz stankoc'h-stankañ eus ar [[saozneg]] e hogozik holl yezhoù ar bed. ~~== Classes of borrowed words ==~~ Certain classes of words are more commonly borrowed than others, usually words for exotic concepts or ideas. What is "exotic" varies from language to language. Thus, English names for creatures not native to Great Britain are almost always loanwords, and most of the technical vocabulary referring to [[European classical music\|classical music]] is borrowed from [[Italian language\|Italian]]. Amprestet a c'hell bezañ ivez [[kenger\|kengerioù]], dreist-holl evit a sell ouzh gerioù teknikel pe desket, da skouer [[Hekto\|"'''''hekto'''metr''"]] diwar ar [[henc'hresianeg]] "''έκατό(ν)''" ("kant"). ~~By contrast, [[function word]]s, such as pronouns, numbers, and words referring to universal concepts, are usually not borrowed, but have been in some cases.~~ Direct loans, expressions translated word-by-word, or even grammatical constructions and orthographical conventions from English are called [[anglicism]]s. Similarly, loans from [[Swedish language\|Swedish]] - like the word [[smörgåsbord]] - are called [[sveticism]]s or svecisms. In French, the result of perceived over-use of English loanwords and expressions is called [[franglais]]. English loanwords in French include 'le weekend', 'le job' (in [[France]]) or 'la job' (in [[Canada]]) and 'le biftek' (beefsteak). This has so outraged French purists that various French institutions spend much time and energy to keep the language pure. [[Denglish]] is English influence on [[German language\|German]]. Another popular term is [[Spanglish]], the English influence on the Spanish language.▼ ~~=== Affixes ===~~ The majority of English affixes, such as "un-", "-ing", and "-ly", were present in older forms in Old English. However, a few English affixes are borrowed. For example, the [[agentive]] suffix -er, which is very prolific, is borrowed ultimately from Latin. The verbal suffix '-ize' comes (via, Old French, via Latin) ultimately from Ancient Greek and is used liberally in America, often to the chagrin of the British. ~~== Other languages ==~~ ▲Direct loans, expressions translated word-by-word, or even grammatical constructions and orthographical conventions from English are called [[anglicism]]s. Similarly, loans from [[Swedish language\|Swedish]] - like the word [[smörgåsbord]] - are called [[sveticism]]s or svecisms. In French, the result of perceived over-use of English loanwords and expressions is called [[franglais]]. English loanwords in French include 'le weekend', 'le job' (in [[France]]) or 'la job' (in [[Canada]]) and 'le biftek' (beefsteak). This has so outraged French purists that various French institutions spend much time and energy to keep the language pure. [[Denglish]] is English influence on [[German language\|German]]. Another popular term is [[Spanglish]], the English influence on the Spanish language. During the [[Ottoman Turks\|Ottoman]] period, [[Turkish literature]] became heavily influenced by [[Persian language\|Persian]] and [[Arabic language\|Arabic]] borrowings. During more than 600 years of the [[Ottoman Empire]], the literary and official language of the empire was a mixture of Turkish, Persian, and Arabic, which is now called [[Ottoman Turkish language\|Ottoman Turkish]], considerably differing from the everyday spoken Turkish of the time. Many words were loaned to the languages of the people of the empire, such as [[Bulgarian language\|Bulgarian]] and [[Serbian language\|Serbian]]. After the empire fell in [[World War I]] and the [[Republic of Turkey]] was founded, [[Turkish language]] underwent an extensive [[language reform]] led by the newly founded [[Turkish Language Association]], during which [[List of replaced loanwords in Turkish\|many loanwords]] were replaced with equivalent words derived from [[Turkic languages\|Turkic]] roots. The language reform was a part of the ongoing cultural reform of the time, in turn a part in the broader framework of [[Atatürk's Reforms]], and included the introduction of the new [[Turkish alphabet]]. Turkish also has many loanwords derived from French, such as ''pantalon'' - 'trousers', ''comique''(Fr)/''komik''(Tr) - 'funny', all of them pronounced very similarly (except for the French pronunciation of the letter 'r'). The Italian government has recently expressed its displeasure over the borrowing of English words and syntax in Italian. English words are often used where they are more convenient than a longer Italian expression, as in "computer" for ''elaboratore elettronico'' or "week-end" for ''finesettimana''; but also where equally convenient Italian words already exist, as in "fashion" for ''moda'' and "meeting" for ''conferenza''. == Adamprestoù ==

Amprest (yezhoniezh) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù