Moktezuma II : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm
Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm
Linenn 6:
 
==Anv==
Stumm orin e anv e [[NahouatlNahouatleg]] a veze distaget {{IPA|[motekʷˈsoːma]}}. Un anv kevrennek eo, savet diwar un anv a dalvez "Aotrou" hag ur verb a dalvez "Krizañ e dal gant fulor". Abalamour da se e troer e anv gant "Krizañ a ra e dal evel un aotrou,"<ref>{{cite book |last=Andrews |first=J. Richard |origyear=1975 |year=2003 |title=Introduction to Classical Nahuatl |others=Revised Edition |location=Norman |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |pages=599}}</ref> "Eñ zo droug ennañ en un doare nobl,"<ref>{{cite book |last=Brinton |first=Daniel G. |year=1890 |title=Ancient Nahuatl Poetry |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/12219}}</ref> pe "Eñ a ya droug ennañ e-unan."<ref>{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=Hugh |year=1995 |title=Conquest: Montezuma, Cortés, and the Fall of Old Mexico}}</ref> Skrivet eo bet en un niver a zoareoù. Hiziv ez eo '''Moktezuma''' (pe '''Moctezuma''') an hini paotañ.
 
Implij un niverenn zo nevez ha ne dalvez ken evit lakaat kemmm get ar Moktezuma kentañ, a vez graet [[Moktezuma 1añ]] anezhañ, rak daoust d'an hini kentañ da vezañ tad-kozh-ioù egile, ne veze ket ar renerien abalamour ma oant eus ar memes tiegezh e bro an Azteked. Ar c'hronikoù aztec a ra ''Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin'' anezhañ, endra ma veze graet ''Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina'' pe ''Huehuemotecuhzoma'' ("Moctezuma kozh") eus an hini kentañ. ''Xocoyotzin'', distaget {{IPA|[ʃokoˈjotsin]}}, a dalvez "an hini yaouank enoret".
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The use of a [[regnal number]] is only for modern distinction from the first Moctezuma, referred to as [[Moctezuma I]], because even if the latter was the great grandparent of the former, there was no dynastic succession among the Aztecs. The Aztec chronicles called him ''Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin'', while the first was called ''Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina'' or
''Huehuemotecuhzoma'' ("Old Moctezuma"). ''Xocoyotzin'', pronounced {{IPA|[ʃokoˈjotsin]}}, means "honored young one".
 
== Mammennoù buhezskrid Moktezuma ==
== The sources of Moctezuma's biography==
Dislavaroù a-leizh a gaver e deskrivadurioù buhez Moktezuma, ha dre se ne ouzer netra en un doare asur diwar e benn hag a-zivout e ren. War a seblant e ta an dislavaroù-se eus rakvarnioù a bep seurt. Konkistadored spagnat evel [[Bernal Diaz del Castillo]] ha [[Hernan Cortes]] a zeskriv Moktezuma evel ur rener garv hag hedro.
The descriptions of the life of Moctezuma are full of contradictions, and thus nothing is known for certain about his personality and rule. These contradictions are apparently the result of various biases. Spanish conquistadors such as [[Bernal Diaz del Castillo]] and [[Hernan Cortés]] depicted Moctezuma as a harsh and fickle-minded ruler.{{Fact|date=November 2007}}
 
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TheAr [[Florentine Codex|c'hodex ]], made by [[Bernardino de Sahagún]] and his native informants of [[Tenochtitlan]]-subjugated Tlatelolco, generally portrays Tlatelolco and Tlatelolcan rulers in a favorable light relative to the Tenocha, and Moctezuma in particular is depicted unfavorably as a weak-willed, superstitious and indulgent ruler. (Restall 2003) Historian James Lockhart suggests that the people needed to have a scapegoat for the Aztec defeat, and Moctezuma naturally fell into that role.
 
As Aztec ruler, he expanded the Aztec Empire the most; warfare expanded the territory as far south as [[Soconusco|Xoconosco]] in [[Chiapas]] and the [[Isthmus of Tehuantepec]]. He elaborated the [[Templo Mayor]] and revolutionized the tribute system. He also increased Tenochtitlán's power over its allied cities to a dominant position in the [[Aztec Triple Alliance]]. He created a special temple, dedicated to the gods of the conquered towns, inside the temple of [[Huitzilopochtli]]. He also built a monument dedicated to the Tlatoani [[Tízoc]].