Hürrem Sultan : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm
astenn
Linenn 3:
 
Anavezet eo ivez evel '''Roxelana''', ''Roxolana'', ''Roxelane'', ''Rossa'', ''Ruziac'', pe
'''Hürrem''' (eus خرم - ''Khurram'' e [[perseg]], "an hini a c'hoarzh "; hag ivez evel ''Karima'', eus '''كريمة''' en [[arabeg]], "an hini a renk uhel"), (war-dro [[1510]] - [[18 a vizEbrel ]], [[1558]]) [http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1507476][http://www.gmtgames.com/nnhis/HISScenarioBook10.pdf]
 
N'eo ket e skridoù ar XVIvet kantved e kaver hec'h anv plac'h yaouank. Met kalz diwezhatoc'h, en XIXvet kantved, e koñchennoù [[ukrainek]] ha [[polonek]] dastumet neuze e vo anv eus ''Anastasia'' (pe ''Nastia''); hag e poloneg ''Aleksandra Lisowska''.
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==Yaouankiz==
Sixteenth century sources are silent as to her maiden name, but much later [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] and [[Polish language|Polish]] traditions, especially Ukrainian folk traditions first recorded in the nineteenth century, give it as ''Anastasia'' (diminutive: Nastia); in Polish tradition: ''Aleksandra Lisowska''.
Hervez skridoù eus dibenn ar XVIvet ha deroù ar XVIIvet kantved, evel re ar barzh polonek [[Samuel Twardowski]], a eas da Durki da glask gouzout hiroc'h, e oa ganet Hürrem e ti un tad a oa ur beleg [[reizhkredennour]] [[ukrainat ]], pe [[rutenat]], e kêr [[Rohatyn]] , ur 68 km er gevred da [[Lviv]], <!--
 
According to late sixteenth century and early seventeenth century sources like the famous Polish poet, [[Samuel Twardowski]], who actually did research on the subject in Turkey, Hürrem was born to a father who was a [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]], or [[Ruthenia]]n, [[Orthodox]] [[priest]], in the town of [[Rohatyn]] which is located 68 km, south east of [[Lviv]], a major city of [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]] which was then part of the [[Kingdom of Poland]], today in western [[Ukraine]]. She was captured by [[Crimean Tatars]] during one of their frequent raids into this region and taken as a [[slavery|slave]], probably first to the Crimean city of Kaffa (Kefe in Turkish, [[Caffa]] in Italian), a major centre of the slave trade, then to Istanbul, and was selected for Süleyman's [[Harem (household)|Harem]]. She quickly came to the attention of her master, and attracted the jealousy of her rivals. One day Süleyman's former favorite, the concubine Mahidevran, also called "Gul Bahar" (The Flower of Spring), got into a fight with Hürrem and beat her badly. Upset by this, Süleyman sent Mahidevran away from Istanbul to the provincial capital of Manisa together with her son, the heir apparent, Prince Mustafa. Thereafter, Hürrem became Süleyman's unrivalled favorite or Haseki. Many years later, probably at the instigation of Hürrem, the Sultan ordered Mustafa to be strangled.
==Early life==
According to late sixteenth century and early seventeenth century sources like the famous Polish poet, [[Samuel Twardowski]], who actually did research on the subject in Turkey, Hürrem was born to a father who was a [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]], or [[Ruthenia]]n, [[Orthodox]] [[priest]], in the town of [[Rohatyn]] which is located 68 km, south east of [[Lviv]], a major city of [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]] which was then part of the [[Kingdom of Poland]], today in western [[Ukraine]]. She was captured by [[Crimean Tatars]] during one of their frequent raids into this region and taken as a [[slavery|slave]], probably first to the Crimean city of Kaffa (Kefe in Turkish, [[Caffa]] in Italian), a major centre of the slave trade, then to Istanbul, and was selected for Süleyman's [[Harem (household)|Harem]]. She quickly came to the attention of her master, and attracted the jealousy of her rivals. One day Süleyman's former favorite, the concubine Mahidevran, also called "Gul Bahar" (The Flower of Spring), got into a fight with Hürrem and beat her badly. Upset by this, Süleyman sent Mahidevran away from Istanbul to the provincial capital of Manisa together with her son, the heir apparent, Prince Mustafa. Thereafter, Hürrem became Süleyman's unrivalled favorite or Haseki. Many years later, probably at the instigation of Hürrem, the Sultan ordered Mustafa to be strangled.
 
===Marriage===
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== References ==
{{reflist}}
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==FurtherLennadurezh reading==
*Thomas M. Prymak, "Roxolana: Wife of Suleiman the Magnificent," ''Nashe zhyttia/Our Life'', LII, 10 (New York, 1995), 15-20. AUr nicelypennad illustratedskeudennaouet popular-stylekaer articlegantul inlennadurezh. English with a bibliography.
*Zygmunt Abrahamowicz, "Roksolana," ''Polski Slownik Biograficzny'', vo. XXXI (Wroclaw-etc., 1988-89), 543-5. AUr well-informedpennada articlezoare ine Polishpoloneg bygant aun distinguishedarbennigour Polishanaoudek Turkologisteus istor Turki.
*Galina Yermolenko, "Roxolana: The Greatest Empresse of the East," ''The Muslim World'', 95, 2 (2005), 231-48. Also available on-line to subscribers. Makes good use of European, especially Italian, sources and is familiar with the literature in Ukrainian and Polish.
*For historical novels in English about Roxelana, see [[Colin Falconer (writer)|Colin Falconer]], Aileen Crawley (1981-83), and Louis Gardel (2003). For Ukrainian language novels, see Osyp Nazaruk (1930), Mykola Lazorsky (1965), Serhii Plachynda (1968), and [[Pavlo Zahrebelnyi]] (1980). (All reprinted recently.) In French, there is a fictionalized biography by Willy Sperco (1972), and in German, a novel by Johannes Tralow (1944; reprinted many times). In addition to these, there is a very detailed novel in Serbian by Radovan Samardzic (1987), and a more recent one in Turkish by Ulku Cahit (2001).
*Roxelana plays a pivotal role in [[Pawn in Frankincense]], the fourth book of the historical fiction series the [[Lymond Chronicles]] by [[Dorothy Dunnett]].
*U.s. pulp fiction author [[Robert E. Howard]] in his pseudo-historical novelette [[The Shadow of the Vulture]] imagined Roxelana to be sister to its fiery-tempered female protagonist, [[Red Sonya]].
 
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==Liammoù diavaez==
{{commons2|Roxelana|}}