Himiltrude : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
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'''Himiltrude''' (? - ?) a oa pried kentañ [[Karl Veur]].
==He buhez==
N'ouzer ket nemeur a dra diwarni. [[Paulus Diaconus]] a skriv e oa ur plac'h eus an noblañs<Silvia Konecny, ''Die Frauen des karolingischen Königshauses. Die politische Bedeutung der Ehe und die Stellung der Frau in der fränkischen Herrscherfamilie vom 7. bis zum 10. Jahrhundert.'', [http://www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/karolinger_familie_karls/himiltrud_frankenkoenigin_769.html p. 65].</ref> Hec'hanv a gaver e levrioù manatioù [[alemann]]; diwar gement-se e soñjer e oa eus noblañs [[Alemannia]] pe [[Elzas]].<ref name="Hägermann">Dieter Hägermann, ''Karl der Große. Herrscher des Abendlands'', Ullstein 2003, p. 82f.</ref> Tud zo avat a soñj gante e oa merc'h d'ur c'hont [[burgond]], hag ur verc'h-vihan da [[Grimbert Iañ]], kont Pariz.<ref name="Treffer">Gerd Treffer, ''Die französischen Königinnen. Von Bertrada bis Marie Antoinette (8.-18. Jahrhundert)'', [http://www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/karolinger_familie_karls/himiltrud_frankenkoenigin_769.html p. 30].</ref>
Ur mab a c'hanas, [[Pepin an Tort]]
E 770 e voe kaset kuit gant Karl ebit gallout dimeziñ da verc'h roue [[Lombardia]], [[Desiderata ]].
En ur gouent e varvas.
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It is not possible, however, to extrapolate any political ramifications from Charlemagne's relationship with Himiltrude.<ref name="Konecny"/>
Himiltrude probably entered into a relationship with Charlemagne during the lifetime of his father, [[Pepin the Short]].<ref name="Konecny"/><ref name="Treffer"/> When Charlemagne acceded to the throne in 768, Himiltrude remained unnamed in official sources – contrary to the example set by Charlemagne's mother [[Bertrada of Laon|Bertrada]].<ref name="Konecny"/> Himiltrude bore Charles a daughter called Amaudru,<ref name="Treffer"/> who would later marry a Count of Paris, and at the end of 769 a son called [[Pepin the Hunchback|Pepin]].<ref name="Treffer"/> Shortly after Pepin's birth, an alliance was formulated between Charlemagne and the King of the Lombards, [[Desiderius]]: to seal the alliance, it was agreed that Charlemagne should marry Desiderius' daughter (called [[Desiderata, wife of Charlemagne|Desiderata]] by modern scholars).
Himiltrude was dismissed at that time and disappears from historical records. A grave excavated in the monastery of [[Nivelles]] was found to contain the corpse of a forty-year old woman, possibly identifiable with Himiltrude; if so, /Himiltrude would appear to have died long after 770, although if and when she retired to Nivelles cannot be deduced.<ref name="Konecny"/>
Her son Pepin, who suffered from a spinal deformity and was called "the Hunchback", was eclipsed by Charlemagne's sons from his later marriage to [[Hildegard, wife of Charlemagne|Hildegard]]. Following an attempted rebellion against his father, he was confined to a monastery.<ref name="Konecny"/>
==Marital status==
The nature of Himiltrude's relationship to Charlemagne is a matter of dispute. Charlemagne's biographer [[Einhard]] calls her a "concubine"<ref>Einhard, Vita Karoli Magni, ch. 20</ref> and [[Paulus Diaconus]] speaks of Pippin's birth "before legal marriage"; <ref name="Konecny"/> whereas a letter by [[Pope Stephen III]] refers to Charlemagne and his brother Carloman as being already married (to Himiltrude and [[Gerberga, wife of Carloman I|Gerberga]]), and advises them not to dismiss their wives.<ref name="Konecny"/>
Historians have interpreted the information in different ways. Some, such as [[Pierre Riché]], follow Einhard in describing Himiltrude as a concubine.<ref>Pierre Riché, ''The Carolingians'', p.86.</ref> Others, for example Dieter Hägemann, consider Himiltrude a wife in the full sense.<ref name="Hägermann"/> Still others subscribe to the idea that the relationship between the two was "something more than concubinage, less than marriage" and describe it as a [[Friedelehe]], a form of marriage unrecognized by the Church and easily dissolvable. Russell Chamberlin, for instance, compared it with the English system of common-law marriage.<ref>Russell Chamberlin, ''The Emperor Charlemagne'', p. 61.</ref> This form of relationship is often seen in a conflict between Christian marriage and more flexible Germanic concepts.<ref name="Konecny"/>
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==Notennoù==
{{reflist}}
[[Rummad:priedoù Karl Veur]]
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