Veracruz : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm
Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm
Linenn 1:
[[Image:VeracruzSpanishFort.JPG|thumb|Kreñvlec'h kozh tost d'an aod gwelet eus ar [[malecón]]]]
[[Image:View of Veracruzfromboardwalk.JPG|thumb|left|Kreiz-kêr Veracruz gwelet eus penn ar malecón, gant an iliz-veur en diadreñv.]]
[[Image:Veracruz satelital.jpg|thumb|300px|Veracruz gwelet eus an oabl, e miz Mezheven 1997]]
'''Veracruz''' zo ur porzh-mor ha kêrbenn [[Stad Veracruz]] pe [[Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave]], e Republik [[Mec'hiko]], war aod [[Pleg-mor Mec'hiko]].
Alies e vez graet ''Puerto de Veracruz'' anezhi, d'he disheñvelout diouzh [[stad Veracruz]].
 
''[[Jarocho]]s'' a vez graet eus an annezidi.
'''Veracruz''' zo ur porzh-mor ha kêrbenn [[Stad Veracruz]] pe [[Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave]], e Republik [[Mec'hiko]], war aod [[Pleg-mor Mec'hiko]].
 
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The [[metropolitan areas of Mexico|metropolitan area]] is Mexico's First largest City on the Gulf coast (after Veracruz [[Tampico]] and [[Ciudad del Carmen]]){{clarifyme}} and an important port on Mexico's east coast. It is located {{convert|105|km|mi|abbr=on}} along [[Mexican Federal Highway|Federal Highway 140]] from the state capital [[Xalapa]], and is the state's most populous city, with a population of 444,438 in the city and 512,310 in the municipality, according to the 2005 census.<ref>INEGI. II Conteo de Población y Vivienda 2005. Tabulados Básicos. http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/default.asp?c=6790</ref> The municipality has an area of {{convert|241|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and includes such outlying communities as Valente Díaz and Las Amapolas. The metropolitan area, which includes the municipalities of [[Boca del Río, Veracruz|Boca del Río]] and [[Alvarado, Veracruz|Alvarado]], had a total population of 702,394, compared to metro Tampico's total of 803,196.
 
It is also referred as the ''Four Times Heroic City'' after resisting various invasions, two from France (the [[Pastry War]] and the [[French intervention in Mexico]]) and two from the USA, (the [[Siege of Veracruz]] and the [[U.S. occupation of Veracruz, 1914|1914 US occupation]]).
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==Istor==
 
Diazezet e voe ar pozh gant ar [[konkistador|c'honkistador]] [[Hernán Cortés]], a zilestras eno e 1519, a-raok mont da aloubiñ Bro-Mec'hiko evit [[Spagn]]. Envel a reas anezhi '''La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz''' (" Kêr Binvidik ar Gwir Groaz"; a-wechoù e vez lavaret e oa ''La Rica Villa de la Vera Cruz'').
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It was [[New Spain]]'s main port, where [[silver]] and wares from the ''[[Manila Galleons]]'' transported overland from [[Acapulco]] were loaded onto the [[Spanish treasure fleet]]s for shipment to Spain. The port was harassed by hostile powers and by [[Piracy in the Caribbean|pirate]]s, who succeeded in pillaging the city in 1653 and in 1712. In response to such dangers the large [[fortress]] of [[San Juan de Ulúa]] was built on an island in the harbour, beginning in 1565 and substantially expanded several times later.
 
A natural harbour, Veracruz has been fought over throughout its history, and boasts the title "Four Times Heroic" in reference to the expulsion of the Spanish in 1815, the 1838 occupation of the [[French Navy]] in the [[Pastry War]], and resistance, but later surrender, to the [[United States]]'s occupations of 1847 and 1914 (see: [[Siege of Veracruz]] and [[U.S. occupation of Veracruz, 1914]]).
 
During the [[Mexican-American War]], US forces led by Gen. [[Winfield Scott]] took the city on March 29, 1847 after a [[siege]]. It was captured by [[France]] in 1838 and again in 1861. In 1914 it was occupied by the United States for seven months because of the [[Tampico Affair]], this time under [[Major General]] [[Frederick Funston]].
 
The [[railroad]] connecting Veracruz to [[Mexico City]], {{convert|425|km|mi}} inland over mountain ranges, was constructed during the administration of [[Benito Juárez]] and inaugurated in 1873.
 
==Demographics==
 
As of the census of 2000, there were 500,000 people living in Veracruz City.
 
The racial makeup of the city was 60% Mestizo, 15% Black/[[Afro-Mexican]], 15% Indian, 9% Mixed, the remaining 1% is composed by many immigrants, especially Middle-Easterns and Italians.
 
==Culture==
[[Image:Housesverecruz.jpg|thumb|left|New housing developements in the city.]]
[[Image:DSC00695.JPG|right|thumb|The plaza in the center of the city of Veracruz]]
The city is known for its rich traditions of [[music]], including [[marimba]] bands, [[danzón]] and [[comparsa]]. A special kind of music called ''[[son jarocho]]'', a mix of Mexican folk music and Cuban [[son (music)|''son'']], was developed in southern Veracruz state, in and around Veracruz, Veracruz. [[La Bamba (song)|La Bamba]] is the most famous example of ''son jarocho''. An equally rich dance tradition parallels Veracruz's unique musical styles.
 
In downtown Veracruz, a large marble-tiled [[zócalo]], called the Plaza de Armas or Plaza Lerdo, is the heart of the city's lively nightlife. It is lined with arcades that house bars and cafes. On a nearly nightly basis large groups of people sit outside in the plaza enjoying food, drinks and cigars, while they watch musicians and dancers that perform in the square. Veracruz's 18th century cathedral and 17th century Palacio Municipal are also located on the plaza.
 
The yearly Carnaval festival in Veracruz, a nine-day party in February or March, is the most spectacular festival of its kind, and it's also the oldest organized Carnaval in Mexico. The city also celebrates a yearly Afrocaribeño festival in July. These festivities illustrate the fact that the city is in many ways more connected to [[Caribbean]] culture than that of inland Mexico.
 
The "Malecón" harborfront walk along the docks draws many tourists, more from within Mexico than foreigners. The city has several beaches as well, like Villa del Mar and Mocambo.
 
==Nearby beaches==
*[[Antón Lizardo]]
*[[Isla Sacrificios]]
*[[Playa Chachalacas]]
 
==Transportation==
The city is served by [[General Heriberto Jara International Airport]], located outskirts of the city.
 
The city also serves as Mexico's second largest port, after [[Manzanillo, Colima|Manzanillo]]. The port handled 16.5 million tons of cargo in 2007.<ref>{{citeweb
|title=Informe Estadistico Mensual
|publisher=Coordinacion General de Puertos y Marina Mercante
|date=December 2007
|url=http://e-mar.sct.gob.mx/fileadmin/estadisticas/2007/diciembre2007.pdf
}}</ref>
 
The city also has railroad connections with the city of [[Xalapa, Veracruz]] and to [[Mexico City]].
 
==Trivia==
As a bustling port city, Veracruz was the site of some of the most vicious pirate raids in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1683, the 5,000 citizens of Veracruz were trapped in the city, when the pirates [[Laurens de Graff]] and [[Michel de Grammont]] held it under siege. Together their crew of 600 looted the city and terrorized the inhabitants and left unscathed several days later.
 
Secret tunnels are said to exist under the city. Local lore has it that they were built during the colonial era by a countess who used them to engage affairs with men in different locations in the city while her husband was away.
 
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Veracruz]]
[[Category:Port settlements in Mexico]]
[[Category:Settlements established in 1519]]
[[Category:Gulf of Mexico]]
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==Notennoù==
{{Reflist}}
 
==Liammoù diavaez==
* {{es}} [http://www.veracruz-puerto.gob.mx/ayuntamiento/index.asp?valor=1 Ti-kêr Veracruz]
* {{es}} [http://www.amiweb.com.mx/mc Mirdi Veracruz]
* {{Geolinks-cityscale|19.1848|-96.1296}}
==Skeudennoù==
<gallery>
Image:Ver-Pal Mpal.jpg|Palez kêr Veracruz
Image:Veracruz Nebel.jpg|Veracruz, war-dro ar bloavezh 1834
Image:Mexico.Ver.Veracruz.01.jpg|Tour-tan Carranza dirak ar ''malecón''
Image:Veracruz 1854.png|Veracruz e 1854
Image:GrandCafeParroquiaVeracruz.JPG|Ar "Grand Café de la Parroquia", brudetañ [[kafedi]] Veracruz. Eno e vez evet "lechero", kafe doare ''expresso'' gant laezh eonek.
</gallery>
 
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[[id:Veracruz, Veracruz]]
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[[pt:Veracruz (cidade)]]
[[sr:Веракруз (град)]]
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[[zh:韦拉克鲁斯 (韦拉克鲁斯州)]]