Gododdin : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
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Linenn 1:
[[Image:Y Gogledd.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Yr [[Hen Ogledd]]'' pe "an Hanternoz kozh ". Kartenn eus hanternoz Enez Vreizh a-raok aloubidigezh ar Saozon]]
'''Gododdin''' a oa ur [[rouantelezh vrezhon]] e biz [[Enez Vreizh]] (e kreisteiz [[Skos]] hiriv) savet e bro pobl ar [[Votadini]], goude ma voe aet kuit ar Romaned. ▼
▲Ar '''Gododdin''' a oa ur
'''Manaw Gododdin''', a oa ur rouantelezhig dalc'het ganti ha [[Caer Eiddyn]](Édimbourg) dezhi da gêr-benn, hag a voe faezhet gant hec'h alouberien deuet eus Bernicia ha [[Deira]] en-dro da [[Catterick]] ([[Yorkshire]]), war-dro ar bloavezh 600. Diwar-benn an emgann-se e voe savet [[Y Gododdin]] gant [[Aneirin]].
'''Gododdin''' zo ur ger kembraek a vremañ, diwar ''Guotodin'' en hengembraek, ha ''[[Votadini]]'' e predenek moarvat, hag e latin . <ref>[[Claudius Ptolemaeus]], "''[[Douaroniezh]]''" (war-dro an [[Eil kantved]])</ref>
==Ar Rouantelezh==
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==The Gododdin kingdom==
It is not known exactly how far the kingdom of the Gododdin extended, possibly from the [[Stirling]] area to the kingdom of [[Bernicia|'Bryneich']], and including what are now the [[Lothian]] and [[Scottish Borders|Borders]] regions of eastern [[Scotland]]. It was bounded on the west by the Brythonic [[Kingdom of Strathclyde]], and to the north by the [[Picts]]. Those living around [[Clackmannanshire]] were known as the ''Manaw Gododdin'' (Watson, 1926; Jackson, 1969). According to tradition, local kings of this period lived at both [[Traprain Law]] and ''Din Eidyn'' ([[Edinburgh]], still known as ''Dùn Éideann'' in [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]]), and probably also at ''Din Baer'' ([[Dunbar]]).
In the wake of Roman withdrawal around [[410]], ''Coel Hen'' (''[[Old King Cole]]''), who Morris suggests may have been the last of the Roman ''Duces Brittanniarum'' (Dukes of the Brythons), seems to have taken over the northern capital at ''Eburacum'' ([[York]]) and became something akin to a High King of Northern Britain ("Britain" in this context excludes the lands of the Picts, see [[Brython]]), ruling over what had been the northern provinces, possibly including the lands of the [[Votadini]]. This area became known in later poetry as the ''[[Hen Ogledd]]''. After his death the North probably began to divide. By about [[470s|470]] most of the Votadini's lands became the kingdom of Gododdin, while the southern part of their territory between the [[River Tweed|Tweed]] and the [[River Tees|Tees]] (approximately modern [[Northumberland]] and [[County Durham]]) seems to have become a separate kingdom then called [[Bernicia|Bryneich]].
==The Kings of Gododdin==
[[David Nash Ford|Ford]] identifies the Kings of the Gododdin with those of [[Lothian]] and suggests they are recorded in 'Pedigree 16' of Harleian MS 3859. [[King Lot|King Leudonus]], after whom Lothian is named, is remembered in the local legend of St. Kentigern (alias [[Saint Mungo]]). [[Cunedda]], legendary founder of the [[Kingdom of Gwynedd]] in north [[Wales]], is supposed to have been a Manaw Gododdin warlord who migrated south-west about this time.<ref>Nennius (ed.), ''"Historia Britonum"'' (ca. early [[9th century]])</ref>
==Later history==
In the [[6th century]], Bryneich was invaded by the [[Angles]] and became known as [[Bernicia]]. The Angles continued to press north. In ca. [[600]] about 300 men of the Gododdin fell in the battle of Catraeth (almost certainly [[Catterick]] in [[North Yorkshire]]), as recorded in [[Aneirin]]'s poem-cycle ''[[Y Gododdin]]''.
In [[638]] 'Din Eidyn' was under siege and may have fallen to the Angles, for the Gododdin seem to have come under the rule of Bernicia around this time. To what extent the native population was replaced or assimilated is unknown. Bernicia became part of [[Northumbria]], and by [[954]] was overrun by the [[Viking|Danish]] kingdom of [[York]]. Shortly afterwards this came under a unified England, then in [[1018]] [[Malcolm II]] brought the region as far as the [[River Tweed]] under Scottish rule.
==See also==
*[[Votadini]] for earlier history.
*[[Brython]]
*''[[Y Gododdin]]''
*[[Mynyddawg Mwynfawr]]
==Notes==
<references />
==External links==
*{{Citation
|last=Skene
|first=William Forbes
|author-link=William Forbes Skene
|date=1869
|editor-last=
|editor-first=
|contribution=
|title=The Gododdin Poems
|volume=
|edition=
|publisher=Forgotten Books
|publication-date=2007
|publication-place=
|pages=
|url=http://books.google.com/books/p/pub-4297897631756504?id=bZ6ytxW0EwwC
|isbn:1605061670
|access-date=2008-08-09
}}
*[http://www.cyberscotia.com/ancient-lothian/pages/histories-celtic-gododdin.html Ancient Lothian - Histories - Celtic Gododdin]
*[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/bios/index.html Early British Kingdoms: Royal Biographies]
* The History Files: [http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsBritain/BritainGoutodin.htm Post-Roman Celtic Kingdoms - Goutodin]
* The History Files: [http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesBritain/BritishNorthernBritain.htm The Kings of Northern Britain]
<!--Dead Link*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/prehistory/iron_02.shtml BBC - History - Native Tribes of Britain]-->
*[http://www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk/scotsandpicts.htm Scotland]
<!--Dead Link *[http://itsa.ucsf.edu/~snlrc/britannia/saxonadvent/edinburgh.html Edinburgh Castle, and comment on "Y Gododdin"]-->
{{Hen ogledd}}
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== Lennadurezh ==
* Ian Armit (1998). ''Scotland's Hidden History'' (Tempus [in association with Historic Scotland]) ISBN 0-7486-6067-4
* Kenneth H. Jackson (1969). ''The Gododdin: The Oldest Scottish poem'' (Edinburgh: University Press)
* John Morris (1973). ''The Age of Arthur'' (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson) ISBN 0-297-17601-3
* Stuart Piggott (1982). ''Scotland Before History'' (Edinburgh: University Press) ISBN 0-85224-348-0
* W.J. Watson (1926, 1986). ''The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland: being the Rhind lectures on archaeology (expanded) delivered in 1916.'' (Edinburgh, London: W. Blackwood & Sons, 1926; Edinburgh: Birlinn, 1986, reprint edition). ISBN 1-874744-06-8
==Pennadoù kar==
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