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Meur a implij he deus ar c'henitivel e vez an droad c'henitivel er yezhoù slavek, en o zouez ar [[ruseg]] hag ar [[poloneg]], estreget an implij perc'hennañ pennañ:
* '''Perc'hennañ''':
===Possessives===
: Nominative[[Troad nominativel|Nominativel]]: "Вот Антон" (" Here isSetu Anton"). ▼To indicate possession, the ending of the noun indicating the possessor changes to ''а, я, ы or и'', depending on the word's ending in the nominative case. For example:
:Genitive: "Вот карандаш Антон'''а'''" (" HereSetu iskreion Anton 's pencil"). ▼
* '''Nac'hañ''':
▲:Nominative: "Вот Антон" ("Here is Anton").
: Nominative[[Troad nominativel|Nominativel]]: "Мария дома?" ("Is Maria at home?"). ▼▲:Genitive: "Вот карандаш Антон'''а'''" ("Here is Anton's pencil").
Possessives can also be formed by the construction "У [subject] есть [object]":
:Nominative: "Вот Сергей" ("Here is Sergei").
:Genitive: "У Серге'''я''' есть карандаш" ("Sergei has a pencil").
In sentences where the possessor includes an associated pronoun, the pronoun also changes:
:Nominative: "Вот мой брат" ("Here is my brother").
:Genitive: "У мо'''его''' брат'''а''' есть карандаш" ("My brother has a pencil").
And in sentences denoting negative possession, the ending of the object noun also changes:
:Nominative: "Вот Ирина" ("Here is Irina").
:Genitive: "У Ирин'''ы''' нет карандаш'''а'''" ("Irina does not have a pencil").
===To express negation===
The genitive case is also used in sentences expressing negation, even when no possessives are involved. The subject noun's ending changes just as it does in possessive sentences:
▲:Nominative: "Мария дома?" ("Is Maria at home?").
:Genitive: "Мари'''и''' нет дома" ("Maria is not at home," literally, "Of Maria there is none at home.").
* '''[[Troad partitivel|Partitivel]]'''
===To express partial direct object===
: GenitiveGenitivel-Partitivel: "Я выпил вод'''ы'''" ("I drank water," i.e. "I drank some water, part of the water available") ▼The genitive case is used with some verbs and [[mass noun]]s to indicate that the action covers only a part of the direct object, whereas similar constructions using the [[Accusative case]] denote full coverage. Compare the sentences:
: Accusative[[Troad akuzativel|Akuzativel]]: : "Я выпил вод'''у''' ("I drank '''the''' water," i.e. "I drank all the water, all the water in question") ▼
▲:Genitive: "Я выпил вод'''ы'''" ("I drank water," i.e. "I drank some water, part of the water available")
▲:Accusative: "Я выпил вод'''у''' ("I drank '''the''' water," i.e. "I drank all the water, all the water in question")
===[[Yezhoù germanek]]===
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