Troad ablativel : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù) Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm |
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù) Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm |
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Linenn 5:
diwar al [[latin]] ''ablatus'' <- ''auferre'' "to carry away".
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Meur a implij resis e c'hell kaout an droad ablativel, da skouer
'''E [[latin]]'''
The [[Latin]] ablative case (''ablativus'') has at least fifteen documented uses; although some classicists{{Who|date=July 2007}} have stated that there are additional unique uses. Generalizing their function, however, ablatives modify or limit nouns by ideas of where (place), when (time), how (manner), etc. Hence, the case is sometimes also called the [[adverbial case]]; this can be quite literal, as phrases in the ablative can be translated as [[adverb]]s. E.g. ''magnā (cum) celeritāte'', literally "with great speed", may also be translated "very quickly."▼
▲
* '''Ablativel lec'hiañ'''
Active motion away from a place is only one particular use of the ablative case and is called the '''ablative of place from which'''. Nouns, either proper or common, are almost always used in this sense with accompanying prepositions of ''ab/ā/abs'', "from"; ''ex/ē'', "out of"; or ''dē'', "down from". E.g. ''ex agrīs'', "from the country"; ''ex Graeciā ad Italiam navigāvērunt'', "They sailed from Greece to Italy."
* '''Ablativel disrannañ'''
A closely related construction is called the '''ablative of separation'''. This usage of the ablative implies that some person or thing is separated from another. No active movement from one location to the next occurs; furthermore, ablatives of separation sometimes lack a preposition, particularly with certain verbs like cáreō or līberō. E.g. ''Cicerō hostēs ab urbe prohibuit'', "Cicero kept the enemy away from the city"; ''Eōs timōre līberāvit'', "He freed them from fear."
* '''Ablativel binviaouel'''
* the means by which an action was carried out. E.g. ''oculīs vidēre'', "to see with the eyes". This is known as the '''ablative of means''' or '''of instrument''', and is equivalent to the [[instrumental case]] found in some other languages. Special [[deponent verb]]s in Latin sometimes use the ablative of means idiomatically. E.g. ''Ūtitur stilō'' literally says "he is benefiting himself by means of a pencil"; however, the phrase is more aptly translated "he is using a pencil."
* '''Ablativel doareañ'''
* the manner in which an action was carried out. The preposition ''cum'' (meaning "with") is used when (i) no adjective describes the noun E.g. ''cum cūrā'', "with care," or (ii) optionally after the adjective(s) and before the noun E.g. ''magnā (cum) celeritāte'', "with great speed." This is known as the '''ablative of manner'''.
* '''Ablativel amzeriañ'''
* the time when or within which an action occurred. E.g. ''aestāte'', "in summer"; ''eō tempore'', "at that time"; ''Paucīs hōrīs id faciet'', "within a few hours he will do it." This is known as the '''ablative of time when or within which'''.
* the circumstances surrounding an action. E.g. ''Urbe captā, Aenēas fugit,'' "With the city having been captured, Aeneas fled." This is known as the '''[[Latin grammar#Ablative absolute|ablative absolute]]'''.
Of kindred nature to this is the Ablative of Attendant Circumstances "magno cum clamore ciuium ad urbem perueniunt" ("they reach the city to the great clamours of the populace")
* with whom something was done. Nouns in this construction are always accompanied by the preposition ''cum''. E.g. ''cum eīs'', "with them"; ''Cum amīcīs vēnērunt'', "They came with friends." This is known as the '''ablative of accompaniment'''.
* the whole to which a certain number belongs or is a part. E.g. ''centum ex virīs'', "one hundred of the men"; ''quīnque ex eīs'', "five of them."
* agent by whom the action of a passive verb is performed. The agent is always preceded by ''ab/ā/abs''. E.g. ''Caesar ā dīs admonētur'', "Caesar is warned by the gods." This is known as the '''ablative of personal agent'''.
This can, however, be more generalized when the agent is an inanimate object. In this case, the preposition ''ab/ā/abs'' is not used. E.g. "rex a militibus interfectus est" "the king was killed by the soldiers" as opposed to "rex armis militum interfectus est" "the king was killed by the weapons of the soldiers." This is known as simply the '''ablative of agent'''
* '''Ablativel da heul un araogenn'''
Some Latin [[preposition]]s, like ''pro'', take a noun in the ablative. A few prepositions may take either an [[accusative case|accusative]] or an ablative, in which case the accusative indicates motion towards, and the ablative indicates no motion. E.g. ''in casā'', "in the cottage"; ''in casam'', "into the cottage".<ref>Wheelock, Frederic M. ''[[Wheelock's Latin]]'', HarperCollins, 2005. ISBN 0-06-078371-0</ref>
==[[Yezhoù indezeuropek]]==
Albanian, Sanskrit da skouer
* En [[armenieg]]
In the Western Armenian language, the ablative case is rendered by the suffix -e (indefinite) or -en (definite).
Linenn 84 ⟶ 71:
Toon- house
T'nits- from house
In Armenian, the ablative case has several uses.
Linenn 108 ⟶ 93:
**MEZME arach - Before US (Ea. MEZNITS araj)
===Uralic languages===
Implijet e vez an droad ablativel gant ar [[yezhoù ouralek]], en o zouez ar [[finneg]] hag an [[hungareg]], da skouer
* E [[finneg]]
In [[Finnish language|Finnish]], the ablative case is the sixth of the locative cases with the meaning "from, off, of", e.g. ''pöytä{{ndash}} pöydältä'' "table{{ndash}} off from the table". It is an outer locative case, used just as the [[adessive]] and [[allative]] cases to denote both being on top of something and "being around the place" (as opposed to the inner locative case, the [[elative]], which means "from out of" or "from the inside of").
Linenn 155 ⟶ 144:
:::sounds nice
===[[Yezhoù altaek]]===
[[turkeg]], [[azerieg]], da skouer
* E [[turkeg]]
The ablative in [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (''-den hali'' or ''uzaklaşma hali'') is expressed through the suffixes ''-den'', ''-dan'', ''-ten'', or ''-tan''. Examples:
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