Blanche-Nef : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
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Linenn 1:
[[Image:WhiteShipSinking.jpg|thumb|Peñse al lestr]]
Ar '''Blanche-Nef''', (Al Lestr Gwenn), zo anv ur vag a reas [[peñse]] e [[Mor Breizh]], dirak [[Barfleur]] e [[Normandi]], d'ar [[25 a viz Du]] [[1120]].
E bourzh ar vag-se en em gave yaouankizoù noblañs [[Bro-Saoz]] ha levezon en doe ar peñse war red an Istor dre ma veuzas [[Gwilherm Adelin]], mab ha hêr ofisiel nemetañ [[Herri Iañ (Bro-Saoz)|Herri Iañ]], roue Bro-Saoz.
E-touez an dud a veuzas e oa ivez Richarzh ha Mathilda, bugale all Herri Iañ.
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Those drowned included [[William Adelin]], the only legitimate son of King [[Henry I of England]]. [[William of Malmesbury]] wrote: "Here also perished with William, Richard, another of the King's Henry I sons, whom a woman without rank had borne him, before his accession, a brave youth, and dear to his father from his obedience; [[Richard d'Avranches, second Earl of Chester]], and his brother Otheur; [[Geoffrey Ridel (elder)|Geoffrey Ridel]]; [[Walter of Everci]]; Geoffrey, archdeacon of Hereford; [[Matilda]] the Countess of Perche, the king's daughter; the Countess of Chester; the king's niece [[Lucia-Mahaut]] of Blois; and many others..."<!--this is a direct quote?--> Only one of those aboard survived. "No ship ever brought so much misery to England," wrote William of Malmesbury.<ref>A section of his account of the White Ship is in ''English Historical Documents''vol. II, no.8.</ref>
==Shipwreck ==
The ''White Ship'' was a new ship owned by [[Thomas FitzStephen]], whose father Stephen had been sea captain for [[William the Conqueror]] when he [[Norman conquest of England|invaded England in 1066]]. He offered to let [[Henry I of England]] use it to return to England from [[Barfleur]]. Henry had already made travelling arrangements, but suggested that his son [[William Adelin]] travel on it instead.
But when the ''White Ship'' set off in the dark, its port side struck a submerged rock (this rock can still be seen from the cliffs of [[Barfleur]]), and the ship quickly capsized. The only known survivor was a butcher from [[Rouen]]. He was wearing thick ramskins that saved him from [[Hypothermia|exposure]], and was picked up by fishermen the next morning.
In his account of the disaster, chronicler [[Orderic Vitalis]] claimed that when Thomas FitzStephen came to the surface after the sinking and learned that William Adelin had not survived, he let himself drown rather than face the King. The accuracy of this account is doubtful — it describes a [[full moon]], but NASA sky tables, which include adjustments based upon the [[Gregorian Calendar]] to the [[Julian Calendar]] in use during the twelfth Century, show that the moon was actually [[new moon|new]] that night.
The cause of the shipwreck remains uncertain. Various stories surrounding its loss feature a drinking binge by the crew and passengers (it is also suggested that the captain was dared to try to overtake the King's ship ahead of them), and mention that priests were not allowed onboard to bless the ship in the customary manner. However, the English Channel has often proven a notoriously treacherous stretch of water.
== Repercussions ==
{{main|The Anarchy}}
[[Stephen I of England|Stephen of Blois]], King Henry's nephew by his sister Adela, had allegedly disembarked just before the ship sailed. [[Orderic Vitalis]] attributes this to a sudden bout of diarrhea.
As a direct result of William's death, Stephen later usurped the English throne, resulting in the period known as [[the Anarchy]].
The death of [[William Adelin]] in this shipwreck resulted in the chaos following the death of King Henry I. The English Barons were reluctant to accept [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]] as [[Queen Regnant]], causing [[Stephen of England|Stephen]] to usurp the throne. Even during the sixteenth century, the example of that time contributed to [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII's]] several marriages in the search for a male heir.
Robert Lacey has observed that "The White Ship was the Titanic of the Middle Ages, a much-vaunted high-tech vessel on its maiden voyage, wrecked against a foreseeable natural obstacle in the reckless pursuit of speed,".<ref>Lacey, ''Great Tales from English History'' (2003)</ref>
==Historical fiction==
The sinking of the ''White Ship'' is the opening to the prologue of [[Ken Follett]]'s most popular novel ''[[The Pillars of the Earth]]'' (1989). The ship's sinking sets the stage for the entire background of the story, which is based on the subsequent civil war between [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]] (referenced as Maud in the novel) and [[Stephen of England|Stephen]]. In Follet's novel it is implied that the ship may have been sabotaged. It is also described in detail by [[Sharon Penman]] in the historical novel ''When Christ and His Saints Slept'' (1994). The ship resurfaces in [[Geoffrey Hill]]'s poem "The White Ship" in ''[[For the Unfallen]]''.
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==Barzhoniezh ==
* [http://www.rossettiarchive.org/docs/1-1878.tinkerms.rad.html Dante Gabriel Rossetti, "The White Ship: a ballad"]; embannet e 1881 en e zastumad "Ballads and Sonnets".
* Geoffrey Hill, "The White Ship", en e levr "For the Unfallen", 1959.
==Skeudennoù==
*[http://www.allposters.com/-sp/Wreck-of-the-White-Ship-Posters_i1871137_.htm "Wreck of the White Ship", ur skeudenn gant ar mouler Joseph Kronheim (1810-1896)]
==Notennoù==
{{reflist}}
==Lennadurezh==
* Victoria Chandler, "The Wreck of the ''White Ship''", in ''The final argument : the imprint of violence on society in medieval and early modern Europe'', edited by Donald J. Kagay and L.J. Andrew Villalon (1998)
* Robert Lacey, [http://www.robertlacey.com/henry_whiteship.html "Henry I and the ''White Ship''" in ''Great Tales from English History'' (2003)]
==Liammoù diavaez==
* Britannia.com [http://www.britannia.com/history/bb1120.html The Wreck of the White Ship]
*[http://www.history.org.uk/PDFS/White%20Ship.pdf T Brett-Jones, "The White Ship Disaster"] (pdf file)
*[http://www.robertlacey.com/henry_whiteship.html Robert Lacey, "Henry I and the White Ship"]
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