Y Gododdin : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm
Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm
Linenn 25:
88 [[poz]] eus ar varzhoneg a voe skrivet gant an dornskriver A<ref>Rannet eo ar pozioù gant pennlizherennoù bras, met n'eo ket rannet ar gwerzennoù. Peurvuiañ e ra an embannerien evel ma reas [[Ifor Williams]] en e embannadur er bloaz 1938.</ref> ha neuze e laoskas ur bajenn wenn a-raok skrivañ peder barzhoneg anavezet evel ''Gorchanau''.<ref>Klar, O Hehir ha Sweetser a soñje gante e oa un trede dornskriver, a anvont C, a skrivas ar ''Gorchanau''. N'a ket Huws a du gante , pa gav dezhañ eo labour an dornskriver A. Gwelout Huws, pp. 34, 48</ref>
 
Gant ar skriver A eo skrivet e doare-skrivañ ar c'hrenngembraeg. Gant ar skriver B ez eus bet ouzhpennet danvez goude, ha war a greder en devoa tro da welout un dornskrid koshoc'h peogwir e skrivas traoù e doare-skrivañ an hengembraeg. Ar skriver B en deus skrivet 35 poz, ha darn zo doareoù all eus pozioù skrivet gant A, met darn n'int let.
<!--This scribe wrote the material down in [[Middle Welsh]] orthography. Scribe B added material later, and apparently had access to an earlier manuscript since the material added by this scribe is in [[Old Welsh]] orthography. Scribe B wrote 35 stanzas, some of which are variants of stanzas also given by Scribe A while others are not given by A. The last stanza is incomplete and three folios are missing from the end of the manuscript, so some material may have been lost.<ref>Jarman, p.xiv</ref>
 
<!-- The last stanza is incomplete and three folios are missing from the end of the manuscript, so some material may have been lost.<ref>Jarman, p.xiv</ref>
 
There are differences within the material added by Scribe B. The first 23 stanzas of the B material shows signs of partial modernisation of the orthography, while the remainder show much more retention of Old Welsh features. Jarman explains this by suggesting that Scribe B started by partially modernising the orthography as he copied the stanzas, but after a while tired of this and copied the remaining stanzas as they were in the older manuscript. Isaac suggested that Scribe B was using two sources, called B1 and B2.<ref>Koch, p. lxvi</ref> If this is correct, the material in the Books of Aneirin is from three sources.
Linenn 46 ⟶ 49:
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[[Mez]] a zo menegetemeneget meurae meur a werzenn , ma c'haller soñjal ez eo kaoz d'o marv. Tud zo o deus bet skrivet en XIXvet kantved ez eas ar Vrezhoned-se d'en em gannañ en mezv. ,<ref>This idea goes back at least to Turner in 1803.</ref>
Met hervez Williams eo ret kompren ''mez'' evel kement tra roet gant an [[aotrou]] d'e wizien. En eskemm ec'hortozed anezho da ''baeañ o mez'' dre vezañ leal d'o aotrou betek ar marv. Kemend-all a gaver er varzhoniezh [[hensaoznek]].<ref>Williams 1938, pp. xlviii-xlvix.</ref>
 
 
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however Williams explained that "mead" here stood for everything the warriors received from their lord. In return, they were expected to "pay their mead" by being loyal to their lord unto death. A similar concept is found in Anglo-Saxon poetry.<ref>Williams 1938, pp. xlviii-xlvix.</ref> The heroes commemorated in the poem are mounted warriors; there are many references to horses in the poem. There are references to spears, swords and shields, and to the use of armour (''llurug'', from the [[Latin]] ''lorica'').<ref>Williams 1938, pp. lxii-lxiii.</ref> There are several references which indicate that they were Christians, for example "penance" and "altar", while the enemy are described as "heathens". Several of these features can be seen in stanza 33:
{{quote|Men went to Catraeth with a war-cry,<br>Speedy steeds and dark armour and shields,<br>Spear-shafts held high and spear-points sharp-edged,<br> And glittering coats-of-mail and swords,<br>He led the way, he thrust through armies,<br>Five companies fell before his blades.<br>Rhufawn His gave gold to the altar,<br>And a rich reward to the minstrel."<ref>Clancy 1970, p. 44.</ref>}}
 
Linenn 1 387 ⟶ 1 390:
[[Rummad:Lennegezh vrezhonek kozh]]
[[Rummad:Lennegezh kembraek]]
[[Rummad:Aneirin]]
 
[[cy:Y Gododdin]]