Stumm eus an 10 Mae 2009 da 05:31 kemmañ Bianchi-Bihan (kaozeal \| degasadennoù) 192 992 kemm Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm ← Kemm kent		Stumm eus an 10 Mae 2009 da 09:25 kemmañ dizober Bianchi-Bihan (kaozeal \| degasadennoù) 192 992 kemm →‎Ar varzhoneg Kemm nevesoc'h →
Linenn 33: --> ===Ar varzhoneg=== [[Image:Edinburgh-castle.jpg\|thumb\|240px\|right\|[[Kastell Edinburgh]] ~~viewed,~~ gwelet eus [[Princes Street]]. War-dro 600 e oa aze kastell [[Mynyddog Mwynfawr]], ma voe korfatet a-raok an emgann.]] Ar pozioù a ya d'ober ar varzhoneg <ref>Hervez O Hehir eo ret kompren ''Y Gododdin'' evel un heuliad barzhonegoù distag diwar-benn traoù kenstag. Gwelout O Hehir, p. 66</ref> zo un heuliad klemmganoù d'ar vrezelourien kouezhet en emgann ouzh enebourien niverusoc'h. Darn eus ar gwerzennoù a gan meuleudi d'an arme vrezhon, re all d'an harozed unan hag unan. Kontet eo penaos e reas ar roue [[gododdin]] [[Mynyddog Mwynfawr]] da vodañ brezelourien eus un toulladrouantelezhioù brezhon , penaos e vagas anezho e-pad bloaz o korfata hag o lonkañ mez, en e gastell e [[Din Eidyn]] <!--The stanzas that make up the poem<ref>O Hehir considers that ''Y Gododdin'' is better understood as a collection of poems on related topics. See O Hehir, p. 66</ref> are a series of elegies for warriors who fell in battle against vastly superior numbers. Some of the verses refer to the entire host, others eulogize individual heroes. They tell how the Gododdin king, [[Mynyddog Mwynfawr]], gathered warriors from several Brythonic kingdoms and provided them with a year's feasting and drinking [[mead]] in his halls at Din Eidyn, before launching a campaign in which almost all of them were killed fighting against overwhelming odds.<ref>In one stanza it is said that there were 100,000 of the enemy, in another that there were 180 for each one of the warriors of the Gododdin.</ref> The poetry is based on a fixed number of syllables, though there is some irregularity which may be due to modernisation of the language during oral transmission. It uses [[rhyme]], both end-rhyme and internal, and some parts use [[alliteration]]. A number of stanzas may open with the same words, for example "Gwyr a aeth gatraeth gan wawr" ("Men went to Catraeth at dawn"). ▼ ▲<!--~~The~~ stanzas that make up the poem<ref>O Hehir considers that ''Y Gododdin'' is better understood as a collection of poems on related topics. See O Hehir, p. 66</ref> are a series of elegies for warriors who fell in battle against vastly superior numbers. Some of the verses refer to the entire host, others eulogize individual heroes. They tell how the Gododdin king, [[Mynyddog Mwynfawr]], gathered warriors from several Brythonic kingdoms and provided them with a year's feasting and drinking [[mead]] in his halls at Din Eidyn, before launching a campaign in which almost all of them were killed fighting against overwhelming odds.<ref>In one stanza it is said that there were 100,000 of the enemy, in another that there were 180 for each one of the warriors of the Gododdin.</ref> The poetry is based on a fixed number of syllables, though there is some irregularity which may be due to modernisation of the language during oral transmission. It uses [[rhyme]], both end-rhyme and internal, and some parts use [[alliteration]]. A number of stanzas may open with the same words, for example "Gwyr a aeth gatraeth gan wawr" ("Men went to Catraeth at dawn"). The collection appears to have been compiled from two different versions: according to some verses there were 300 men of the Gododdin, and only one, Cynon fab Clytno, survived; in others there were 363 warriors and three survivors, in addition to the poet, who as a [[bard]] would have almost certainly not have been counted as one of the warriors. The names of about eighty warriors are given in the poem.<ref>The names are listed in Jarman, pp. xxx-xxxi</ref> Linenn 85 ⟶ 87: Dumville, commenting on these attempts to establish the historicity of the poem in 1988, said, "The case for authenticity, whatever exactly we mean by that, is not proven; but that does not mean that it cannot be."<ref>Dumville, p. 8.</ref> The fact that the great majority of the warriors mentioned in the poem are not known from other sources has been put forward by several authors as an argument against the idea that the poem could be a later composition. The poems which are known to be later "forgeries" have clearly been written for a purpose, for example to strengthen the claims of a particular dynasty. The men commemorated in ''Y Gododdin'' do not appear in the pedigrees of any Welsh dynasty.<ref>Jarman, p. lxix.</ref> Breeze comments, "it is difficult to see why a later poet should take the trouble to commemorate men who, but for the poem, would be forgotten".<ref>Breeze, p. 14.</ref> --> ===Istor=== [[Image:North Britain 547-685.png\|thumb\|left\|240px\|Ar Gododdin hag ar rouantelezhioù tro-war-dro]]

Y Gododdin : diforc'h etre ar stummoù