Y Gododdin : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm
Linenn 33:
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===Ar varzhoneg===
[[Image:Edinburgh-castle.jpg|thumb|240px|right|[[Kastell Edinburgh]] gwelet eus [[Princes Street]]. War-dro 600 e oa aze kastell [[MynyddogMynyddawg Mwynfawr]], ma voe korfatet a-raok an emgann.]]
 
Ar pozioù a ya d'ober ar varzhoneg <ref>Hervez O Hehir eo ret kompren ''Y Gododdin'' evel un heuliad barzhonegoù distag diwar-benn traoù kenstag. Gwelout O Hehir, p. 66</ref> zo un heuliad klemmganoù d'ar vrezelourien kouezhet en emgann ouzh enebourien niverusoc'h. Darn eus ar gwerzennoù a gan meuleudi d'an arme vrezhon, re all d'an harozed unan hag unan. Kontet eo penaos e reas ar roue [[gododdin]] [[Mynyddog Mwynfawr]] da vodañ brezelourien eus un toullad rouantelezhioù brezhon , penaos e vagas anezho e-pad bloaz o korfata hag o lonkañ [[Mezmez (mel)|mez]], en e gastell e [[Din Eidyn]], a-raok stagañ gant un dro-vrezel a echuas evel un drouziwezh pa voent lazhet hogozik holl.
 
<!-- before launching a campaign in which almost all of them were killed fighting against overwhelming odds.<ref>In one stanza it is said that there were 100,000 of the enemy, in another that there were 180 for each one of the warriors of the Gododdin.</ref> The poetry is based on a fixed number of syllables, though there is some irregularity which may be due to modernisation of the language during oral transmission. It uses [[rhyme]], both end-rhyme and internal, and some parts use [[alliteration]]. A number of stanzas may open with the same words, for example "Gwyr a aeth gatraeth gan wawr" ("Men went to Catraeth at dawn").
 
The collection appears to have been compiled from two different versions: according to some verses there were 300 men of the Gododdin, and only one, Cynon fab Clytno, survived; in others there were 363 warriors and three survivors, in addition to the poet, who as a [[bard]] would have almost certainly not have been counted as one of the warriors. The names of about eighty warriors are given in the poem.<ref>The names are listed in Jarman, pp. xxx-xxxi</ref>
Linenn 52:
 
[[Mez]] a zo meneget e meur a werzenn , ma c'haller soñjal ez eo kaoz d'o marv. Tud zo o deus bet skrivet en XIXvet kantved ez eas ar Vrezhoned-se d'en em gannañ en mezv. ,<ref>This idea goes back at least to Turner in 1803.</ref>
Met hervez Williams eo ret kompren ''mez'' evel kement tra roet gant an [[aotrou]] d'e wizien. En eskemm ec'hortozed anezho da ''baeañ o mez'' dre vezañ leal d'o aotrou betek ar marv. Kemend-all a gaver er varzhoniezh [[hensaoznek]].<ref>Williams 1938, pp. xlviii-xlvix.</ref> Marc'hegerien eo ar gadourien, hag anv zo a gezeg meur a wech er varzhoneg. Kaoz a glezeier, goafoù ha skoedoù zo ivez, hag eus an harnezioù ivez (''llurug'', eus ar ger [[latin]] ''lorica'').<ref>Williams 1938, pp. lxii-lxiii.</ref> Meura c'hera ziskouez e oant kristenien, pa'z eus kaoz eus [[pinijenn]] hag [[aoter]]
 
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The heroes commemorated in the poem are mounted warriors; there are many references to horses in the poem. There are references to spears, swords and shields, and to the use of armour (''llurug'', from the [[Latin]] ''lorica'').<ref>Williams 1938, pp. lxii-lxiii.</ref> There are several references which indicate that they were Christians, for example "penance" and "altar", while the enemy are described as "heathens". Several of these features can be seen in stanza 33:
{{quote|Men went to Catraeth with a war-cry,<br>Speedy steeds and dark armour and shields,<br>Spear-shafts held high and spear-points sharp-edged,<br> And glittering coats-of-mail and swords,<br>He led the way, he thrust through armies,<br>Five companies fell before his blades.<br>Rhufawn His gave gold to the altar,<br>And a rich reward to the minstrel."<ref>Clancy 1970, p. 44.</ref>}}