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[[Image:Saint Cado.JPG|thumb|right|100px|Delwenn da Sant Kadou, e [[Belz]].]]
'''Kadou''', pe '''Kado''', pe '''Kadog''' (''Cadog'' e [[Kembre]], '''Catwg''' a-wechoù, '''Catwg Ddoeth''' hervez faltazi [[Iolo Morgannwg]] ) , pe '''Kadeg''', a vije bet ganet war-dro [[497]]<ref>Strayner, Joseph R., ed. ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'' (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1983) p. 6</ref> , pe e [[Morgannwg]] pe e [[Powys]], a oa ur manac'h hag ur sant [[brezhon]], diazezer abati [[Llancarfan]] e [[Morgannwg]], en ur vro a vo anvet [[Kembre]] diwezhatoc'h.
Linenn 38:
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Dywedir iddo hefyd adeiladu mynachlog yn [[yr Alban]] islaw "Mynydd Bannauc" (yn ôl y farn gyffredinol, i'r de-orllewin o [[Stirling]]).
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*[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/ncd01536.htm ''New Catholic Dictionary'']
*[http://www.caerllion.net/archive/literature/glh/50stcadocs.htm Eija Kennerley, "Saint Cadoc's Church, Caerleon"] in ''Gwent Local History'' No. 50, Spring 1981
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'''Saint Cadoc''' or '''Cadog''' (born about 497)<ref>Strayner, Joseph R., ed. ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'' (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1983) p. 6</ref> , Abbot of [[Llancarfan]], was one of the 6th century [[Religion in Wales|Welsh saints]], whose ''[[vita]]'' twice mentions [[King Arthur]]. The Abbey of Llancarfan, near [[Cowbridge]] in [[Glamorganshire]], which he founded circa 518, became famous as a centre of learning. The prefix of his name means 'battle'.
Cadoc's story appears in a ''Vita Cadoci'' written shortly before 1086 by Lifris of Llancarfan;<ref>In Welsh it would be ''Buchedd Cadog'' or 'Life of Cadoc'; the text is [[Latin]], however; for confirmation of before ca 1086 as the most likely date for the text, see below.</ref> "it was clearly written at Llancarfan with the purpose of honoring the house and confirming its endowments,"<ref>J. S. P. Tatlock, "The Dates of the Arthurian Saints' Legends", ''Speculum'' '''14'''.3 (July 1939:345-365) p. 345.</ref> Consequently, it is of limited historical merit, but some details are of interest. He was a son of [[Gwynllyw]] (Latinized ''Gundleus''), King of [[Gwynllwg]] in [[South Wales]], who was a brother of Saint [[Petroc]], but a robber chieftain who led a band of three hundred. His mother, [[Gwladys]] (Gladys) was the daughter of King [[Brychan]] of [[Brycheiniog]] who had been abducted in a raid, during which [[King Arthur]] acted as peacemaker. Cadoc's father later stole the cow of the Irish monk, St. Tathyw, and, when the monk came courageously to demand its return, the King decided in return to surrender his son to his care. Cadoc was raised at [[Caerwent]] in [[Monmouthshire]] by Tathyw, who later became a [[hermit]].
==Cadoc's monastic houses==
In adulthood, Cadoc refused to take charge of his father's army, preferring to fight for Christ instead. He proselytized over a large area of [[Wales]] and [[Brittany]]. He built himself a hermitage at [[Llancarfan]] (now in the south of [[Glamorgan]]) that soon grew into a monastery, one of the most important in Wales where many holy men were trained, until with the intruision of Norman power into South Wales, it was dissolved about 1086.<ref>The date was argued for by J. S. P. Tatlock, "Caradoc of Llancarfan," ''Speculum'' '''13''', 144-45.</ref>. There was another foundation credited to Cadoc at Llanspyddid, three km west of [[Brecon]], and he is credited with the establishment of churches in [[Dyfed]], [[Cornwall]] and [[Brittany]]. About 528, after his father's death, he is said to have built a stone monastery in [[Scotland]] below 'Mount Bannauc' (generally taken to be the hill southwest of Stirling down which the [[Bannockburn]] flows). It has been suggested that the monastery was where the town of [[Saint Ninian|St Ninians]] now stands, two kilometers south of Stirling. Cadoc went on pilgrimages to both Jerusalem and Rome and was distressed that the [[Synod of Brefi|Synod of Llanddewi Brefi]] was held during one of these absences.
[[File:St Cadoc Llancarfan, Glamorgan, Wales.jpg|thumb|The parish church of St Cadoc]]
At [[Caerleon]], a [[Ancient Roman|Roman]] centre of Monmouthshire, the much-rebuilt [[Church (building)|church]] dedicated to St Cadoc, though of Norman origin, stands on the foundations of the Roman legion headquarters, a sign of the Christianization of Roman sites after the legions departed [[Britannia]]. It may memorialize an early cell of Cadoc's, although an old tradition suggests that, in this case, Cadoc is a corruption of Cadfrod.
==Cadoc and Brittany==
At one time, he apparently lived as a hermit with Saint [[Gildas]] on an island in the Bay of Morbihan, off [[Vannes]] in Brittany. There are chapels dedicated to him at [[Belz, Morbihan|Belz]] and [[Locoal-Mendon]] in [[Morbihan]] and at [[Gouesnac'h]] in [[Finistère]], where he is called upon to cure the deaf. His name is also the basis of some thirty Breton place-names.
==Cadoc and the kings==
He came into conflicts with king [[King Arthur|Arthur]], who is mentioned twice in the ''vita'', as great and bold but willful. The reference is of importance to those concerned with the [[Historical basis for King Arthur|historicity of Arthur]] as one of five insular and two Breton saints with claims to mention Arthur independently of [[Geoffrey of Monmouth]]'s ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]''. <ref>Discussed at length in Tatlock 1939.</ref> The ''vita'' mentions a certain miraculous spot that had a healing effect until the time of king Hiuguel,<ref>''usque ad tempus Hiuguel regis, filii Ouguenii regis [[Morgannwg|Morganensium]]'' (quoted in Tatlock 1939:346.</ref> after due to a malevolent influence the spot has been lost; Hiuguel is the ''Hywel vab weyn'' who died in his old age, ca 1041-44. The date of Lifris' ''Vita Cadoci'', shortly before 1086, makes it a testimony of Arthur that is independent of Geoffrey of Monmouth's myth-making.
The kings [[Maelgwn Hir ap Cadwallon|Maelgwn]] of [[Gwynedd]] and [[Rhain Dremrudd]] of [[Brycheiniog]] also feature in his ''vita''. In later Arthurian developments, Cadoc, with Illtud, is one of the three knights said{{Fact|date=December 2007}} to have become keepers of the [[Grail|Holy Grail]].
==Cadoc and Beneventum==
In an episode towards the end of his ''vita'' Cadoc is carried off in a cloud from Britannia (''de terra Britannie'') to [[Beneventum]], where a certain prior is warned of the coming of a "western Briton" who is to be renamed Sophias; as ''Sophias'' Cadoc becomes abbot, bishop and martyr. A ''[[Basilica|magna basilica]]'' was erected over his shrine, which visiting Britons were not allowed to enter. And a fictitious "Pope Alexander" is made to figure in the narrative. Tatlock points out that Alexander was an obscure second-century papal name until the accession of [[Pope Alexander II]] (1061) and that Beneventum in southern Italy became more prominent after it was traded to the papacy in 1051 and popes began to visit it regularly and councils were held there in 1087 and 1091; but ''Beneventum'' has been associated with the Roman town of [[Bannaventa]] (five kilometers east of [[Daventry]] in [[Northamptonshire]])<ref>"Certain innocent moderns, anxious to extract the uttermost farthing of historical truth from this yarn, have tried to identify 'Beneventana civitas' with some place in Britain," Tatlock observed and pointed out that the circular Lombard church in Beneventum was dedicated to Saint Sophias, "a scarce name among saints. The inference is obvious that some Welsh visitor to Benevento had found there some name or anecdote to excuse the attractive invention that Cadoc had been there and was Sofia." (Tatlock 1939:346).</ref> <!--is the following useful?-->on the edge of [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] territory in Britain. This latter hypothesis proposes that it was overrun by Saxons at this time, thus explaining both the killing of Cadoc and the prohibition on Britons entering the town to recover his body.
==See also==
*[[Cambuslang#Famous residents or connections|Cambuslang]]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
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==Liammoù diavaez==
*[http://www.StCadoc.org The Church of St. Cadoc, Newton Mearns, East Renfrewshire]
*[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/bios/cadogdgg.html Early British Kingdoms: St. Cadog Ddoeth, King of Gwynllwg and Penychen]
*[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintc94.htm Patron Saints Index:] Saint Cadoc of Llancarvan
*[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/ncd01536.htm ''New Catholic Dictionary'']
*[http://www.caerllion.net/archive/literature/glh/50stcadocs.htm Eija Kennerley, "Saint Cadoc's Church, Caerleon"] in ''Gwent Local History'' No. 50, Spring 1981
==Lennadurezh==
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