Kaledvoulc'h : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
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[[Image:Bedivere.jpg|thumb|250px|''How [[Bedivere|Sir Bedivere]] Cast the Sword Excalibur into the Water'', gant [[Aubrey Beardsley]] (1894)]]
'''Kaledvoulc'h''' (e brezhoneg) pe ''Caledfwlch'' (e [[kembraeg]]) eo anv [[kleze]] mojennel ar [[roue Arzhur]] (''Kalesvol'' e [[kerneveureg]]) hervez ar [[mojenn]]où [[predenek]] (tud Kembre a lavar "kembraek") a zo diazez [[mojenn Arzhur]].
Met n'eo ket '''Kaledvoulc'h''' an anv anavezetañ, rak en holl yezhoù all e vez graet gant an anv gallek, deuet diwar al latin, '''Excalibur''', ken ne oar ket an darn vrasañ eus ar Vretoned eo un anv brezhonek e oa da gentañ, hag a zo bet troet goude, e latin da gentaén, ha diwar-se e galleg.
==Gerdarzh==▼
===Kaledvoulc'h===▼
Savet e vije an anv predenek-kembraek-se gant ar gerioù ''caled'' (kalet) ha ''bwlch'' (boulc'h)<ref>R. Bromwich and D. Simon Evans, ''Culhwch and Olwen. An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale'' (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1992), pp.64-5</ref>. Gallout a rafe an anv dont eus hini ur c'hleze-luc'h , ''[[caladbolg]]'' e anv, e henvojennoù [[Iwerzhon]]. ▼
Alies e vez lavaret e tenn Kaledvoulc'h d'an anv ''[[Caladbolg]]'', hini ur c'hleze douget gant meur a zen eus mojennoù [[gouezelek]] [[Iwerzhon]]. Koulskoude ne gav ket da [[Rachel Bromwich]] na D. Simon Evans e vije gwirheñvel e vije bet amprestet an anv ''Caledfwlch'' eus an anv gouezelek ''Caladbolg''. Kavout a ra dezho int daou anv "savet pell zo da envel ur c'hleze"; hag ar c'hleze-se a deuas da vout perc'henniezh Arzhur er mojennoù predenek.<ref>R. Bromwich and D. Simon Evans, ''Culhwch and Olwen. An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale'' (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1992), p.65; gwelout ivez T. Green, ''Concepts of Arthur'' (Stroud: Tempus, 2007), p.156</ref>
=== Excalibur===
Kembraeg a ouie [[Jafrez Menoe]], ha gantañ e voe latinekaet anv Kaledvoulc'h a zeuas da vout ''Caliburnus'', en e levr ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]''. ''Caliburnus'' pe ''Caliburn'' a droas neuze da ''Excalibur'', ''Escalibor'', pa voe kontet an istor e galleg. ▼
[[Skeudenn:ExcaliburStone.jpg|meud|250px|Kaledvoulc'h]]▼
Sometimes Excalibur and the '''Sword in the Stone''' (the proof of Arthur's lineage) are said to be the same weapon, but in most versions they are considered separate. The sword was associated with the [[Arthurian legend]] very early.
▲Sometimes Excalibur and the '''Sword in the Stone''' (the proof of Arthur's lineage) are said to be the same weapon, but in most versions they are considered separate. The sword was associated with the [[Arthurian legend]] very early. In [[Welsh language|Welsh]], the sword is called '''Caledfwlch'''.
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==Er skridoù kozh==
Da gentañ-penn e kaver anv Kaledvoulc'h e skridoù kembraek, evel ar varzhoneg ''[[Preiddeu Annwfn]]'' hag an danevell ''[[Culhwch ac Olwen]]'',
er [[Mabinogi]], skrivet war-dro ar bloaz 1100 war a greder.
Diwezhatoc'h e kaver an anv e skridoù kembraek a zo azasadurioù eus danvez estren, latin pe gallek, evel ar ''[[Brut]]'', diazezet war oberenn Jafrez Menoe.
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Another theory states that ''Caliburnus'' is ultimately derived from Latin ''chalybs'', a loanword from the Greek word for steel: χάλυψ, which is in turn derived from ''[[Chalybes]]'', the name of an [[Anatolia]]n, [[Kartvelian]] ironworking tribe (in [[South Caucasian languages|Kartvelian languages]] ''Khalyburi'' means Chalybian).<ref>Lacy, ''New Arthurian Encyclopedia'', pp. 15, 147</ref>
Linenn 27 ⟶ 37:
Malory records both versions of the legend in his ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', and confusingly calls both swords Excalibur. The film ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' attempts to rectify this by having only one sword, which Arthur draws from the stone and later breaks; the Lady of the Lake then repairs it.
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==Istor==
[[Image:Statue of Excalibur, Kingston Maurward.jpg|right|thumb|130px|
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▲[[Image:Statue of Excalibur, Kingston Maurward.jpg|right|thumb|130px|A statue of Excalibur at [[Kingston Maurward]]]]
===Caledfwlch===
In [[Welsh mythology|Welsh]] legend, Arthur's sword is known as ''Caledfwlch''. In ''[[Culhwch and Olwen]]'', it is one of Arthur's most valuable possessions and is used by Arthur's warrior Llenlleawg the Irishman to kill the Irish king Diwrnach while stealing his magical cauldron. Caledfwlch is thought to derive from the legendary [[Irish mythology|Irish]] weapon ''[[Caladbolg]]'', the lightning sword of [[Fergus mac Roich]]. Caladbolg was also known for its incredible power and was carried by some of Ireland's greatest heroes.
Linenn 62 ⟶ 74:
Excalibur is by no means the only weapon associated with Arthur, nor the only sword. Welsh tradition also knew of a dagger named Carnwennan and a spear named Rhongomyniad that belonged to him. Carnwennan ("Little White-Hilt") first appears in ''[[Culhwch and Olwen]]'', where it was used by Arthur to slice the Very Black Witch in half.<ref>T. Jones and G. Jones, ''The Mabinogion'' (London: Dent, 1949), p.136; R. Bromwich and D. Simon Evans, ''Culhwch and Olwen. An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale'' (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1992), pp.64, 66</ref> Rhongomyniad ("spear" + "striker, slayer") is also first mentioned in ''Culhwch'', although only in passing; it appears as simply ''Ron'' ("spear") in Geoffrey's ''Historia''.<ref>P. K. Ford, "On the Significance of some Arthurian Names in Welsh" in ''Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies'' 30 (1983), pp.268-73 at p.71; R. Bromwich and D. Simon Evans, ''Culhwch and Olwen. An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale'' (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1992), pp.64</ref> In the ''[[Alliterative Morte Arthure]]'', a [[Middle English]] poem, there is mention of Clarent, a sword of peace meant for knighting and ceremonies as opposed to battle, which is stolen and then used to kill Arthur by [[Mordred]].<ref>[http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/alstint.htm ''Alliterative Morte Arthure''], TEAMS, retrieved 26-02-2007</ref>
==External links==
*[http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/swrdmenu.htm The Camelot Project at the University of Rochester: Excalibur and The Sword In The Stone]
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▲==Gerdarzh==
▲===Kaledvoulc'h===
▲Savet e vije an anv predenek-kembraek-se gant ar gerioù ''caled'' (kalet) ha ''bwlch'' (boulc'h)<ref>R. Bromwich and D. Simon Evans, ''Culhwch and Olwen. An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale'' (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1992), pp.64-5</ref>. Gallout a rafe an anv dont eus hini ur c'hleze-luc'h , ''[[caladbolg]]'' e anv, e henvojennoù [[Iwerzhon]].
▲=== Excalibur===
▲Kembraeg a ouie [[Jafrez Menoe]], ha gantañ e voe latinekaet anv Kaledvoulc'h a zeuas da vout ''Caliburnus'', en e levr ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]''. ''Caliburnus'' pe ''Caliburn'' a droas neuze da ''Excalibur'', ''Escalibor'', pa voe kontet an istor e galleg.
▲[[Skeudenn:ExcaliburStone.jpg|meud|250px|Kaledvoulc'h]]
==XX-vet kantved==
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[[Rummad: Mojenn Arzhur]]
[[Rummad:Klezeier brudet]]
[[bg:Екскалибур]]
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