Perfeddwlad : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
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Linenn 1:
[[File:Perfeddulad.jpg|frameless|right|220px]]
'''Y Berfeddwlad''', pe [[Gwynedd|Gwynedd Is Conwy]], a oa ur vro etre ar stêrioù Conwy ha Dyfrdwy e Kembre ar Grennamzer. Dre vras e klot gant kontelezh [[Clwyd]] kozh.
Dont a ra anv ''Y Berfeddwlad'' (''perfedd'', "kreiz") n'eo ket eus bezañ e-kreiz-tre [[Gwynedd Uwch Conwy]], douar pennañ [[Rouantelezh Gwynedd]], ha [[Mers]] an [[Normaned]], met dre ma veze kemm-digemm ar vistri, gwech Gwynedd gwech [[Rouantelezh Powys]], pe gentoc'h [[Powys Fadog]].
<!--'''Perfeddwlad''', ({{lang-en|Middle Country}}), (''Y Berfeddwlad'' being the usual form), was a name adopted during the twelfth century for the territories in north-east [[Wales]] lying between the rivers [[River Conwy|Conwy]] and [[River Dee, Wales|Dee]], and comprised the [[Cantref|cantrefi]] of [[Rhos (north Wales)|Rhos]], [[Rhufoniog]], [[Dyffryn Clwyd]] and [[Tegeingl]]. This region is also known as '''Gwynedd Is Conwy''' (Gwynedd below the [River] Conwy), or ''Lower Gwynedd''; in contrast with ''Gwynedd Uwch Conwy'' (Gwynedd above the Conwy), or ''Upper Gwynedd''.<ref name=History of Wales>[http://books.google.com/books?id=EYwNAAAAIAAJ A History of Wales from the Earliest Times]</ref>
It was known as the 'middle country' because it was situated between the two principalities (or kingdoms) of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] and [[Kingdom of Powys|Powys]] and was therefore sometimes the subject of dispute between them. It was also situated between Gwynedd and the English to the east, and therefore contested by those two realms, particularly as the [[Norman dynasty|Norman]] kings of [[England]] and their [[England|English]] succesors sought to expand their control over Wales.
Following the death of Llywelyn Fawr the Perfeddwlad was briefly conquered by [[Henry III of England]] in the 1240s but retaken for Gwynedd by [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]] in the 1250s. It was retaken once more by [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] in [[1277]] who kept the two northern cantrefs of Rhos and Tegeingl for the crown but ceded Rhufoniog and Dyffryn Clwyd to [[Dafydd ap Gruffudd|Dafydd]], Llywelyn's brother who had sided with Edward.
Following Edward's final victory in the years [[1282]]-[[1283]] and the consequent [[Statute of Rhuddlan]] in [[1284]], Rhos and Rhufoniog were combined to form the new [[lordship of Denbigh|lordship]] of [[Denbigh]] and conferred upon [[Henry de Lacy, earl of Lincoln]]; Dyffryn Clwyd became the [[lordship of Ruthin|lordship]] of [[Ruthin]] and was granted to [[Reginald de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Wilton|Reginald de Grey]]; and Tegeingl became the lordship of [[Englefield]] and the main body of the proto-county of [[Flintshire|Flint]] under the aegis of the [[palatinate of Chester]].
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==Kantrevoù ha komboroù==
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