Mineg ar su : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

Population 25,725,000 in mainland China (1984). 2.5% of the population, including 1,000,000 Xiamen dialect (1988 census), 6,000,000 Quanzhou dialect (Quanzhoushi Fangyan Zhi). Population total all countries: 46,227,965.

Region Southern Fujian, Guangdong, south Hainan Island, southern Zhejiang, southern Jiangxi provinces. Xiamen is spoken in southern Fujian, Jiangxi, and Taiwan; Hainan dialect in Hainan; Leizhou on the Leizhou peninsula of southwestern Guangdong; Chao-Shan in the far eastern corner of Guangdong in the Chaozhou-Shantou area; Longdu is a dialect island in the area around Zhongshan City and Shaxi in Guangdong south of Guangzhou; Zhenan Min in southeastern Zhejiang Province around Pingyang and Cangnan and on the Zhoushan archipelago of northeastern Zhejiang. Also spoken in Brunei, Indonesia (Java and Bali), Malaysia (Peninsular), Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, USA.

Dialects Xiamen (Amoy), Leizhou (Lei Hua, Li Hua), Chao-Shan (Choushan, Chaozhou), Hainan (Hainanese, Qiongwen Hua, Wenchang), Longdu, Zhenan Min. Xiamen has subdialects Amoy, Fujian (Fukien, Hokkian, Taiwanese). Amoy is the prestige dialect. Amoy and Taiwanese are easily intelligible to each other. Chao-Shan has subdialects Chaoshou (Chaochow, Chaochow, Teochow, Teochew) and Shantou (Swatow). Chao-Shan, including Swatow, has very difficult intelligibility of Amoy. Sanjiang is somewhat difficult for other dialect speakers. Hainan is quite different from other dialects. Min Nan is the most widely distributed and influential Min variety. There are two subdialects in Taiwan: Sanso and Chaenzo. Most Min Nan speakers in Thailand speak the Chaoshou dialect.

Classification Sino-Tibetan, Chinese

Also spoken in:

Brunei

Population 12,147 in Brunei (2000 WCD).

Dialects Chaochow (Tiuchiu, Teochow), Hainan, Fujian (Hokkien).

Indonesia (Java and Bali)

Population 700,000 in Indonesia (1982).

Region Pontianak (West Borneo) and elsewhere.

Dialects Fujian (Hokkien), Chaochow (Tiu Chiu).

Malaysia (Peninsular)

Population 1,946,698 in Malaysia. Population includes 1,824,741 in Peninsular Malaysia, 7,990 Teochew, 5,083 Hainanese, 24,604 Hokkien in Sabah (1980 census) 84,280 in Sarawak (1979).

Dialects Fukienese (Amoy, Fujianese, Hokkien), Hainanese, Chaochow (Teochow, Teochew).

Philippines

Population 592,200 in the Philippines. 98.7% of Chinese population in Philippines (1982).

Singapore

Population 1,170,000 in Singapore (1985). Population includes 736,000 speakers of Hokkien, 28.8% of the population (1993), 360,000 speakers of Teochew (1985), 14.2% of the population (1993); 74,000 speakers of Hainanese (1985), 2.9% of the population (1993). Ethnic population: 1,482,000 (1993) including 884,000 Hokkien (1993), 452,000 Teochew (1985), 146,000 Hainanese (1993).

Dialects Hokkien (Fukienese, Fujian, Amoy, Xiamen), Teochew (Chaochow, Chaozhou, Taechew), Hainanese.

Language use Trade language. The Hokkien dialect is the most widely understood in Singapore (Kuo 1979). Mandarin, English, and other Chinese varieties are also used at home.

Taiwan

Population 15,000,000 in Taiwan (1997 A. Chang).

Region Tainan, Penghu Archipelago, cities on the east coast, western plain except for a few Hakka pockets.

Dialects Amoy (Taiwanese, Formosan).

Language use Mandarin is used as second language. Those over 60 also speak Japanese.

Thailand

Population 1,081,920 in Thailand. Population includes 1,058,400 Chaochow (18%), 17,640 Fujian (.3%), 5,880 Hainanese (.1%) (1984).

Region Cities.

Dialects Chaozhou (Chaochow, Tiuchiu, Teochow, Techu), Shantou (Swatow), Hainan, Fujian (Fukien, Hokkien).

Comments Commerce; industrialists; clerks; sales; service; agriculturalists; professionals. Buddhist, Chinese folk religion, secular, Christian.

 

* [[Yezhoù sinaek]]

* [[Mineg]]

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