Pandora (pried Epimetheüs) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
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Linenn 1:
[[File:Pandora - John William Waterhouse.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''Pandora'' , gant [[John William Waterhouse]]]]
'''Pandora''' ( Πανδώρα e [[gregach]] " an hini a ro pep tra"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2377339 Pandora, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', at Perseus]</ref>), a oa ar vaouez kentañ e mojennoù [[Hellaz]] kozh<ref>"Scatter-brained Epimetheus who from the first was a mischief to men who eat bread; for it was he who first took of Zeus the woman, the maiden whom he had formed." (Hesiodos, ''[[Teogonia]]'' 510 ff (Hugh G. Evelyn-White, translator)</ref>. Hervez ma skrivas [[Hesiodos]] en [[Teogonia]] e voe krouet gant an holl zoueed
[[Zeus]] an hini a c'hourc'hemennas da [[Hephaestos]] aozañ anezhi en Douar (''Γαîα'' – [[Gaia]]) evel un tamm eus ar binijenn roet da Mab-Den war-lerc'h ma oa bet laeret an [[tan]] gant [[Prometeus]], hag an holl zoueed a gemeras un tamm perzh e-barzh reiñ d'ar vraventez drouk-se ampartizoù hoalus ken ha ken. ▼
Roet e voe da bried da [[Epimeteüs]].▼
▲[[Zeus]] an hini a c'hourc'hemennas da [[Hephaestos]] aozañ anezhi en Douar (''Γαîα'' – [[Gaia]]) evel un tamm eus ar binijenn roet da Mab-Den war-lerc'h ma oa bet laeret an [[tan]] gant [[Prometeus]], hag an holl zoueed a gemeras un tamm perzh e-barzh reiñ d'ar vraventez drouk-se ampartizoù hoalus ken ha ken. <br />
▲Roet e voe da bried da [[Epimeteüs]].<br />
Hi eo plac'h ar voest, ur [[jarl]] e gwirionez, pa gomzer eus [[boest Pandora]] hiriv.
==An anv==
Daou zoare zo da gompren anv « Pandora » : pe ''panta dôra'', an hini he deusbet an holl zonezoù, pe ''pantôn dôra'' an hini a zo donezon, pe prof, a-berzh an holl zoueed.
==Teogonia Hesiodos ==
Linenn 41 ⟶ 35:
==E-barzh [[Al Labourioù hag an Deizioù]] ==
Doare brudetañ ar vojenn avat a deu eus ur varzhoneg all gant Hesiodos,
[[Al Labourioù hag an Deizioù]]. Enni (linennoù 60–105), e ra an oberour anv eus orin ar vaouez-se, hag e hira roll ar gwalennoù a daol war choug an dud. Gant
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<blockquote><poem>
Only Hope was left within her unbreakable house,
Linenn 110 ⟶ 104:
In fifth-century Athens Pandora made a prominent appearance in what, at first, appears an unexpected context, in a marble relief or bronze appliqués as a frize along the base of the ''[[Athena Parthenos]]'' the culminating experience on the [[Acropolis]]; there Jeffrey M. Hurwit has interpreted her presence as an "anti-Athena" reinforcing civic ideologies of [[patriarchy]] and the "highly gendered social and political realities of fifth-century Athens."<ref>Jeffrey M. Hurwit, "Beautiful Evil: Pandora and the Athena Parthenos" ''American Journal of Archaeology'' '''99'''.2 (April 1995: 171–186)</ref> Interpretation has never come easy: [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] (i.24.7) merely noted the subject and moved on. Jeffrey Hurwit has argued that Pandora represents an "anti-Athena", similarly a child of no mother, an embodiment of the need for the patriarchal rule that the virginal Athena, rising above her sex, defended.
[[Image:Nicolas Régnier - Allegory of Vanity (Pandora).JPG|thumb|[[Nicolas Régnier]]: ''Allegory of Vanity — Pandora'', c. 1626. Régnier portrayed Pandora with a jar, not a box.]]
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==''Pithos''
{{main|Pandora's box}}
<!-- Hesiod's ''pithos'' refers to a large storage jar, often half-buried in the ground, used for wine, oil or grain.<ref>Cf. Verdenius, p. 64.</ref> It can also refer to a funerary jar.<ref>Cf. Harrison, Jane Ellen, ''Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion'', Chapter II, The Pithoigia, pp. 42–43. Cf. also Figure 7 which shows an ancient Greek vase painting in the University of Jena where Hermes is presiding over a body in a pithos buried in the ground. "''In the vase painting in fig.7 from a lekythos in the University Museum of Jena we see a Pithoigia of quite other and solemn intent. A large pithos is sunk deep into the ground. It has served as a grave. ... The vase-painting in fig. 7 must not be regarded as an actual conscious representation of the Athenian rite performed on the first day of the Anthesteria. It is more general in content; it is in fact simply a representation of ideas familiar to every Greek, that the pithos was a grave-jar, that from such grave-jars souls escaped and to them necessarily returned, and that Hermes was Psychopompos, Evoker and Revoker of souls. The vase-painting is in fact only another form of the scene so often represented on Athenian white lekythoi, in which the souls flutter round the grave-stele. The grave-jar is but the earlier form of sepulture; the little winged figures, the Keres, are identical in both classes of vase-painting.''"</ref> Erasmus, however, translated ''pithos'' into the Latin word ''[[Pyxis (pottery)|pyxis]]'', meaning "box".<ref>In his notes to Hesiod's ''Works and Days'' (p. 168) M.L. West has surmised that Erasmus may have confused the story of Pandora with the story found elsewhere of a box which was opened by [[Eros and Psyche|Psyche]]; the Panofskys (1956) follow him in this surmise.</ref> The phrase "Pandora's box" has endured ever since.
Linenn 151 ⟶ 147:
* ''Hesiod, ''Theogony'', and Works and Days'' (Oxford 1988).
* Zeitlin, Froma. ''Playing the Other: Gender and Society in Classical Greek Literature'' (Princeton 1995).
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