Herri Iañ (Bro-Saoz) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

'''Herri IañI{{añ}}''' , lesanvet ''Beauclerc'' (war-dro 1068/1069 – [[1 a viz Kerzu]] 1135), a oa pevare mab [[Gwilherm an Alouber|Gwilherm Iañ, roue Bro-Saoz]]. Roue Bro-Saoz e voe war-lerc'h e vreur henañ [[Gwilherm II (Bro-Saoz)|Gwilherm II]] e 1100. Trec'hiñ a reas e vreur [[Robert Curthose]] evit bezañ dug Normandi e 1106. Lesanvet e oa '''Beauclerc''' dre ma oa troet gant ar studi, ha '''Leon a Justis''' dre ma klaskas lakaat urzh el lezennoù.

Gouzout a reas ober e vad eus kement degouezh a oa. Kemer a reas ar galloud pa oa e vreur Roperzh e Brezel ar Groaz (Kentañ kroazadeg) ha brezel a voe etre an daou vreur evit gouzout piv a vije mestr Saoz ha Normandi. Adunanet e voe ar rouantelezh hag an dugelezh goude ma oant bet dispartiet gant e dad p'edo war e dremenvan e 1087.

Sevel a reas ur seurt lezenn anvet [[Charter of Liberties]], a ranke ar roue ober diouti. Kempenn a reas justis hag arc'hanterezh ar rouantelezh. Kas a reas tud da evezhiañ galloud ar gargidi ha meulet e voe kement-se gant ar bobl. Krog e oa ar pobloù saoz ha norman da gendeuziñ ha dimeziñ a reas d'ur verc'h eus an tiegezh saoz kozh.

Ganet e oa etre Mae 1068 ha Mae 1069, e [[Selby]] a greder, e [[Yorkshire]], e biz [[Bro-Saoz]]. E vamm e oa ar rouanez [[Matilda Flandrez]] , a ziskenne eus [[Alfred Veur]].

Henry tried to play his brothers off against each other but eventually, wary of his devious manoeuvring, they acted together and signed an Accession Treaty. This sought to bar Prince Henry from both Thrones by stipulating that if either King William or Duke Robert died without an heir, the two dominions of their father would be reunited under the surviving brother.

When, on [[2 August]] [[1100]], William II was killed by an arrow in yet another hunting accident in the New Forest, Duke Robert had not yet returned from the [[First Crusade]]. His absence allowed Prince Henry to seize the Royal Treasury at [[Winchester, Hampshire]], where he buried his dead brother. There are suspicions that, on hearing that Robert was returning alive from his crusade with a new bride, Henry decided to act and arranged the murder of William by the French Vexin Walter Tirel.{{Fact|date=March 2009}} Thus he succeeded to the throne of England, guaranteeing his succession in defiance of William and Robert's earlier agreement. Henry was accepted as King by the leading [[Barons]] and was crowned three days later on [[5 August]] at [[Westminster Abbey]]. He secured his position among the nobles by an act of political appeasement: he issued a [[Charter of Liberties]] which is considered a forerunner of the [[Magna Carta]].

On the morning of the [[28 September]] [[1106]], exactly 40 years after William had landed in England, the decisive battle between his two surviving sons, Robert Curthose and Henry Beauclerc, took place in the small village of Tinchebray. This combat was totally unexpected and unprepared. Henry and his army were marching south from Barfleur on their way to Domfront and Robert was marching with his army from Falaise on their way to Mortain. They met at the crossroads at Tinchebray and the running battle which ensued was spread out over several kilometres. The site where most of the fighting took place is the village playing field today. Towards evening Robert tried to retreat but was captured by Henry's men at a place three kilometres (just under two miles) north of Tinchebray where a farm named "Prise" (taken) stands today on the D22 road. The tombstones of three knights are nearby on the same road.

After Henry had defeated his brother's Norman army at Tinchebray he imprisoned Robert, initially in the [[Tower of London]], subsequently at Devizes Castle and later at Cardiff. One day whilst out riding Robert attempted to escape from Cardiff but his horse was bogged down in a swamp and he was recaptured. To prevent further escapes Henry had Robert's eyes burnt out. Henry appropriated the [[Duchy of Normandy]] as a possession of the Kingdom of [[England]] and reunited his father's dominions. Even after taking control of the Duchy of Normandy he didn't take the title of Duke, he chose to control it as the King of England.

In 1113, Henry attempted to reduce difficulties in Normandy by betrothing his eldest son, [[William Adelin]], to the daughter of [[Fulk of Jerusalem]] (also known as Fulk V), Count of Anjou, then a serious enemy. They were married in 1119. Eight years later, after William's untimely death, a much more momentous union was made between Henry's daughter, (the former Empress) Matilda and Fulk's son [[Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou|Geoffrey Plantagenet]], which eventually resulted in the union of the two Realms under the [[Plantagenet]] Kings.

Between 1103 and 1107 Henry was involved in a dispute with [[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], and [[Pope Paschal II]] in the [[Anselm of Canterbury#Conflicts with King Henry I|investiture controversy]], which was settled in the [[Concordat of London]] in 1107. It was a compromise. In England, a distinction was made in the King's chancery between the secular and ecclesiastical powers of the prelates. Employing the distinction, Henry gave up his right to invest his bishops and abbots, but reserved the custom of requiring them to come and do homage for the "[[temporalities]]" (the landed properties tied to the episcopate), directly from his hand, after the bishop had sworn homage and feudal vassalage in the ceremony called ''commendatio'', the [[commendation ceremony]], like any secular vassal.

# [[Matilda an Impalaerez]] (war-dro an [[11 a viz C'hwevrer]] 1102 – [[10 a viz Gwengolo]] [[1167]]). Dimeziñ a eure da gentañ da [[Herri V, Impalaer Santel]], ha goude da [[Jafrez V, kont Anjev]], a voe tad he bugale.

# [[Gwilherm Adelin]], ([[5 a viz Eost]] [[1103]] – [[25 a viz Du]] [[1120]]). Dimeziñ a reas da [[Matilda Anjev]] (marvet e 1154), merc'h da [[Foulk V]], kont Anjev.

D'an [[29 a viz Genver]] [[1121]] e timezas da [[Adeliza Louvain]], merc'h da [[Godfrey Iañ Leuven]], [[Dug]] Lotharingia Izel, ha [[kont Brabant]] met ne voe bugel ebet. Abalamour ma n'en doa mab ebet e reas Herri d'e varoned touiñ fealded d'e verc'h, Matilda an Impalaerez, intañvez [[Herri V, impalaer santel]]

E 1135 ez eas Herri da Normandi da weladenniñ e vibien-vihan, bugale Matilda ha Jafrez.

# Mabel FitzRoy, dimezet da William III Gouet

# Aline FitzRoy, dimezet da Matthieu I of Montmorency

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