Pêr Iañ (Rusia) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

[[Skeudenn:Peter der-Grosse 1838.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Pêr Gentañ]]

[[Skeudenn:Young peter.jpg|thumb|left|Pêr en e yaouankiz .]]

== E vuhez ==

Mab e oa d'an tsar Aleksei Mic'hailovich (Aleksei Gentañ) hag e eil wreg, [[Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina]], ha ganet e oa bet e Moskou. Ar wreg kentañ [[Maria Miloslavskaya]] he devoa roet pemp mab hag eizh merc'h, met ne oa nemet daou vab ([[Feodor III|Feodor]] hag [[Ivan V (Rusia)|Ivan]]) a oa bev c'hoazh pa voe ganet Pêr. Mervel a eure Aleksei Iañ e [[1676]] hag e vab henañ Feodor a gemeras ar galloud war e lerc'h.

 

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Feodor III's uneventful reign ended within six years; as Feodor did not leave any children, a dispute over the succession between the Naryshkin and Miloslavskyi families broke out. Ivan was the next for the throne, but he was chronically ill and of infirm mind. Consequently, the [[Boyar|Boyar Duma]] (a council of Russian nobles) chose the ten-year old Peter to become [[Tsar]], his mother becoming regent. But one of Alexei's daughters by his first marriage, [[Sophia Alekseyevna]], led a rebellion of the [[Streltsy]] (Russia's élite military corps). In the subsequent conflict, many of Peter's relatives and friends were murdered—Peter even witnessed the butchery of one of his uncles by a mob. The memory of this violence may have caused trauma during Peter's earlier years.

 

Throughout the ages it has been the habit of many historians to portray Sophia as an ambitious, [[Machiavellian]] woman who would do whatever it took to achieve power. By early middle age, Peter himself came to associate Sophia with the dark forces of opposition, forgetting as do many historians that in the seven years of her regency that Peter and his mother, while pushed out of the scene, were never threatened or harmed. Indeed, the often overlooked fact that Peter lived, busy and content, through the regency speaks volumes.

 

 

By the summer of 1689, Peter had planned to take power from his half-sister Sophia, whose position had been weakened by the two unsuccessful [[Crimea]]n campaigns. When she learned of his designs, Sophia began to conspire with the leaders of the [[streltsy]], who were somewhat like hooligans continually arousing disorder and dissent of the tsar's rule. Unfortunately for Sophia, Peter, warned by the Streltsy, escaped in the middle of the night to the impenetrable monastery of [[Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra|Troitsky]]; there he slowly gathered his adherents and others, who perceived he would win the power struggle. She was therefore overthrown, with Peter I and Ivan V continuing to act as co-tsars. Peter forced Sophia to enter a convent, where she gave up her name and position as a member of the royal family.

* ''Peter the Great and the West: New Perspectives (Studies in Russian and Eastern European History)'', edited by Lindsey Hughes. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001 (hardcover, ISBN 0-333-92009-0).

* Troyat, Henri. ''Peter the Great''. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987 (hardcover, ISBN 0-525-24547-2).

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