Ermengarde Anjev (dugez Breizh) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Klask adkrouiñ al labour kollet
enrollann buan, betegout
Linenn 7:
Addimeziñ a reas Gwilherm da [[Filipa Tolosa]], hervez Gwilherm Tir; koulskoude, pa n'eus bet oberour all ebet o venegiñ an eured-se ez eus diskred war se. Ouzhpenn-se e oa kendirvi gompez Gwilherm hag Ermengarde: mab e oa Gwilherm da Hildegard Bourgogn, [[hanterc'hoar]] da Foulk IV, tad Ermengarde.<br />
==PoatevBreizh==
Distreiñ a reas hi da di he zad, c'hwervoni ha droug enni, ha klasket e voe gant kont Anjev addimeziñ e verc'h.
En 1093 e voe dimezet da [[Alan IV]], dug Breizh, moarvat evit skoulmañ un emglev politikel a-enep da [[Normandi]], renet gant an dug [[Roparzh II (dug Normandi)| Roperzh Berr-e-heuz]].
Linenn 14:
 
<!--
'''Ermengarde of Anjou''' (ca. 1068 – 1 June 1146) was a member of the comital [[House of Châteaudun|House of Anjou]] and by her two marriages was successively [[Duchess of Aquitaine]] and [[Duke of Brittany|Brittany]]. Also, she was a [[patron]] of [[Fontevraud Abbey]].
 
==Life==
===Early years===
Born in [[Angers]], she was the eldest child of Count [[Fulk IV of Anjou]] but the only one born by his first wife, [[Hildegarde of Beaugency]]. Having lost her mother in 1070, at only two years of age, she received a good education and grew to be pious and concerned about religious reform, especially the struggle against the secular appropriation of church property. She was also noted for her beauty in her youth.
 
===Duchess of Aquitaine===
In 1089, her marriage was arranged to the young Duke and poet, [[William IX of Aquitaine]]. However, this union proved a dismal failure. Her husband was a voracious philanderer, whose affairs infuriated his wife. She suffered from severe mood swings, vacillating between vivacity and sullenness, and would nag her husband. She also had a habit of retiring in bad temper to a cloister after an argument, cutting off all contact with the outside world, before suddenly making a reappearance in the court as if her absence had never occurred. Such behavior, coupled with her failure to conceive a child, led William to send her back to her father and have the marriage dissolved in 1091.
 
Her behavior during her marriage to the Duke has been described by both [[Marion Meade]] and [[Alison Weir]] as [[schizophrenia|schizophrenic]], with Weir adding a suggestion of [[Bipolar disorder|manic depression]].
 
===Duchess of Brittany===
In 1093, her father married her to Duke [[Alan IV, Duke of Brittany|Alan IV of Brittany]], probably to secure an alliance against [[Normandy]], then controlled by [[William the Conqueror]]’s son, [[Robert Curthose]]. The union produced three children: Conan (later [[Conan III, Duke of Brittany|Duke Conan III of Brittany]]), Havise (wife of [[Baldwin VII, Count of Flanders|Baldwin VII of Flanders]], who repudiated her in 1110) and Geoffrey (who died young in Jerusalem in 1116).
 
Her husband left for [[Palestine]] in 1096 to take part in the [[First Crusade]] and she assumed control of the Duchy from then until 1101.
 
She spent little time in [[Rennes]] or the west of [[Brittany]], preferring [[Nantes]] and the [[Saumur]] region. Influenced by Robert of Arbrissel, she approved the expansion of the abbey at [[Fontevraud]], to which she withdrew on two occasions. An admirer of Saint [[Bernard of Clairvaux]] (to whose abbey she made donations), she favored the creation of [[Cistercian]] abbeys. She was also a benefactress of the monastery of [[Buzay]], near [[Nantes]].
 
Alan IV, an unpopular ruler, was forced to abdicated in favor of his son in 1112, and he and Ermengarde were separated after this. The former Duke retired to the monastery of [[Redon]], where he died on 13 October 1119.
 
===Later years===
By 1116, Ermengarde was living in Fontevrault Abbey, where she reputedly became a friend of her first husband's second wife, [[Philippa of Toulouse]].
 
In 1118, after the death of Philippa, Ermengarde decided to avenge her deceased friend. She went south from Fontevrault to the court of her former husband, Duke William of Aquitaine, where she demanded to be recognized as the rightful Duchess. William ignored this remarkable request. Accordingly, in October 1119, she suddenly appeared at the Council of Reims, being held by [[Pope Calixtus II]], demanding that the Pope excommunicate William, oust his mistress from the ducal palace, and restore Ermengarde to her rightful place as the Duchess of Aquitaine. The Pope "''declined to accommodate her''"; however, Ermengarde continued to trouble William for several years afterwards.
 
===Death===
Ermengarde at one point went on Crusade to [[Palestine]]; she returned ten years later, and some historians believe her life ended in [[Jerusalem]] at the convent of [[Saint Anne]]. But obituary lists at the [[abbey]] of [[Saint-Saveur]] de [[Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine|Redon]] record a date of death in 1146 in Redon where her second husband was buried. Certainly, it is believed that she died a nun. The contradictions about her death and the records of her burial maybe indicated that in fact she died in Jerusalem, but later her body was transferred to Redon.
 
==References==
*[http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ANJOU,%20MAINE.htm#ErmengardeM1GuillaumeIXAquiM2AlainIVBret ANJOU, MAINE]
 
==See also==
*[[Ermengarde of Anjou]] (c. 1018-1076), her paternal grandmother
[[Category:House of Châteaudun]]
[[Category:1060s births]]
[[Category:1146 deaths]]
[[Category:Duchesses of Aquitaine]]
[[Category:Duchesses of Brittany]]
[[br:Ermengarde Anjev (dugez Breizh)]]
[[fr:Ermengarde d'Anjou (morte en 1146)]]
 
Après quelques décennies de vie commune, elle réclame l'annulation des noces et veut l'abandonner pour aller vivre à Fontevrault, abbaye fondée par Robert d'Arbrissel et Bertrade de Montfort. Parfaitement libre de se déplacer, elle les y rejoint et s'y installe. Mais les évêques refusent de prendre en considération ses propos, et Robert d'Abrissel doit lui même la rendre à son mari, le comte de Nantes.