Republik Soviedel Hungaria : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù) kendalc'h |
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù) kuzhet an destenn a avn e saozneg |
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Linenn 12:
Da heul ar C'hentañ Brezel Bed hag a lakaas fin da [[Impalaeriezh Aostria-Hungaria]] ne deuas ket a-benn gouarnamant Kont [[Mihály Károlyi]] da lakaat war-sav [[Hungaria]], bet adsavet evel ur vro emren d'ar mare-se. Goude c'hwec'h miz e penn ar gouarnamant e oa bet skarzhet ha staliet en e lec'h ur gengevredad enni [[Sikial-Demokratezh|sokial-deomkrated]] ha [[Komunouriezh|komunourion]].
<!--The [[Hungarian Communist Party]] was very small at this time, but its members were very active and it grew rapidly. It had a meteoric, if precocious, rise to political power. An initial nucleus of the party had been organized just a few months earlier, in a [[Moscow]] hotel on [[November 4]] [[1918]], when a group of Hungarian prisoners of war and some other communist sympathizers formed a Central Committee. Led by [[Béla Kun]], they soon left for Hungary and started to recruit new members and propagate the party's ideas, radicalizing many of the [[Social Democrat]]s. By February [[1919]], the party numbered 30,000 to 40,000 members, including many unemployed ex-soldiers, young intellectuals and ethnic minorities.
Kun founded a communist newspaper, called ''Vörös Újság'' (''Red News''), and concentrated on attacking Károlyi's government. During the following months, the power and influence of the Communist Party grew very quickly. Their supporters began to stage aggressive demonstrations against, among other things, hostile newspapers. In one crucial incident, a demonstration turned violent on [[February 20]] and the protesters attacked the editorial office of the Socialist Democrats' official paper, called ''Népszava'' (''People's Word''). In the ensuing chaos, 7 people - including policemen - were killed. The government used this incident as a reason to arrest the leaders of the Hungarian Communist Party, ban the ''Red News'' and close down the party's buildings. The arrests were particularly violent, with police officers openly beating the communists. This resulted in a wave of public sympathy for the Communist Party. On [[March 1]], the ''Red News'' was given permission to publish again, and the Communist Party's premises were re-opened. The leaders were permitted to receive guests in their prison, which allowed them to keep up with political affairs.
Linenn 38:
The Hungarian Soviet found it increasingly difficult to fight two enemies at once with the small volunteer force, and support for both the war and the Communist Party were waning at home, partly due to the most dedicated Communists having gone and volunteered for combat. Kun's government accepted an Entente offer granting Romanian withdrawal from Hungary for Hungarian withdrawal from Czechoslovakia. Soviet Slovakia was abandoned to the Czechoslovak army at the end of June. Instead of withdrawing, [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] fought on and attacked Budapest. The Entente were eventually successful, and Béla Kun fled to Austria on [[August 1]] together with other high-ranking Communists with only a minority remaining in Budapest, including [[Georg Lukács|György Lukács]], the former Commissar for Culture and noted Marxist philosopher, to organise an underground Communist Party. The Budapest Workers' Soviet elected a new government, headed by [[Gyula Peidl]], which only lasted a few days before the Romanian forces entered Budapest on [[August 6]], putting an end to the Hungarian Soviet Republic.
In the power vacuum created by the fall of the Soviet Republic and the Romanian occupation, the Conservative forces of [[István Bethlen]] and [[Miklós Horthy]] gradually took control of Western Hungary (which was outside the Romanian occupation zone). Semiregular detachments (formally commanded by Horthy, but mostly independent in practice) initiated a campaign of violence against Communists, [[left-wing politics|leftists]] and [[Jew]]s, known as the [[White Terror]]. Many supporters of the Hungarian Soviet Republic were executed without trial, others (e.g. Ágoston Péter, Bajáki Ferenc, Bokányi Dezső, Dovcsák Antal, Haubrich József, Kalmár Henrik, Kelen József, Nyisztor György, Szabados Sándor, Vántus Károly) were imprisoned by trial ("comissar suits"). Most of them were later released to the Soviet Union by amnesty during the reign of Horthy, after a prisoner exchange agreement between Hungary and the Russian Soviet government in [[1921]]. In all, about 415 prisoners were released as a result of this agreement.-->
==Gwelit ivez==
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