|
#REDIRECT [[Hannover (bro)]]
'''Rouantelezh Hannover''' (''Hanover'' e saozneg, ''Hanovre'' e galleg) zo bet ur [[rouantelezh]] en [[Alamagn]].
==Istor==
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Hanover'''</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#dfdfdf;" |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#dfdfdf; text-align:center;"
| width="130px"| [[Image:Flagge Preußen - Provinz Hannover.svg|125px|Banniel Hannover]] || align=center width=130px| [[Image:G3 Arms.png|120px]]
|-
| width="130px"| (Flag of Hanover) || style="text-align:center; width:130px;" | (Royal Coat of Arms)
|}
|-
| '''[[Kêr-benn]]''' || [[Hannover]]
|-
| '''Penn ar stad''' || [[Roue Hannover]]
|}
==Istor==
*Rouantelezh dizalc'h e oa eus 1814 da 1866.
*Proviñs eus [[Prusia]] eus 1866 da 1946.
Da gentañ e oa bet anvet '''Priñselezh Calenberg''', ur rann eus dugelezh [[Brunswick-Lüneburg]], a voe anezhi eus-talek 1432 betek 1803. Hannover e oa he c'herbenn.
The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, a state of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], was frequently subdivided into different principalities, each of which was ruled by a duke; one of these was the Principality of Calenberg, which was first created when it was split off from the [[Principality of Brunswick]] in 1432. It fell to the [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]] in 1584. In 1635 it was separated again from Wolfenbüttel, together with the [[Principality of Göttingen]], with which it would stay joined.
In 1636, the capital of the Principality of Calenberg was moved from [[Pattensen]] to [[Hanover]], and hence it also became known as Hanover.
In 1692, Duke [[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Ernest Augustus]] received the additional title of [[prince-elector]]. The principality was then also known as the '''Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg''' or, informally, the '''Electorate of Hanover'''. In 1714, the Hanoverian electors became kings of [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] (see [[House of Hanover]]). The influence of the electors in Germany grew also: they inherited the [[Principality of Lüneburg]] in 1705, and the formerly [[Sweden|Swedish]] territories of [[Archbishopric of Bremen|Bremen]] and [[Bishopric of Verden|Verden]] in 1719. As part of the [[German Mediatisation]] of 1803, the Electorate received the [[Bishopric of Osnabrück]].
In 1803, the Electorate was occupied by [[France]], which ruled over it in some form or another for the next ten years. From 1807 on, the Hanoverian territority was part of the [[Kingdom of Westphalia]]. In 1813, the Electorate was restored, and in October of 1814 it became the '''Kingdom of Hanover''' at the [[Congress of Vienna]], in order to make [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] equal to the upstart King of [[Württemberg]] in German affairs. The Congress of Vienna installed a territorial exchange between Hanover and [[Prussia]], in which Hanover increased its area substantially. Hanover gained the [[Bishopric of Hildesheim]], [[East Frisia]], the [[Lower County of Lingen]], and the northern part of the [[Bishopric of Münster]]. It lost those parts of the [[Duchy of Lauenburg]] to the right of the [[Elbe]], and several small exclaves in the east.
The [[personal union]] with the United Kingdom ended in 1837 on the accession of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] because the succession laws ([[Salic Law]]) in Hanover prevented a female inheriting the title if there was any surviving male heir (in the United Kingdom, a male only took precedence of his own sisters). In the [[Austro-Prussian War]] of 1866, Hanover was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] and became the [[Province of Hanover]].
==Coat of arms==
After the personal union with Britain ended in 1837, Hanover kept the British royal arms and standards, only introducing a new crown (after the British model).
[[Image:Hannover1837.jpg|thumb|right|Coat of Arms]]
[[Image:HannoverSt.jpg|thumb|right|Flag]]
==Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1635–1692==
===[[House of Welf]], Second House of Brunswick===
''split off from ''[[Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Wolfenbüttel]]''
* [[William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William the Victorious]] 1432–1473
''reunited with Wolfenbüttel in 1473; split off again from Wolfenbüttel in 1495''
* [[Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Eric II]] 1495–1540
* [[Eric III, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Eric III]] 1540–1584
''inherited by Wolfenbüttel''
===[[House of Welf]], [[House of Hanover]]===
''split off from Wolfenbüttel''
* [[George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George]] 1635–1641
* [[Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Christian Louis]] 1641–1648
* [[George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George William]] 1648–1665
* [[John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|John Frederick]] 1665–1679
* [[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Ernest Augustus]] 1679–1698
Ernest Augustus received the additional title of elector in 1692.
==Dukes of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Princes of Calenberg, and Electors of the Holy Roman Empire, 1692–1803==
*[[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover|Ernest Augustus]] 1692–1698
*[[George I of Great Britain|George I]] 1698–1727 (became King of Great Britain in 1714)
*[[George II of Great Britain|George II]] 1727–1760
*[[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] 1760–1803
In 1803, Hanover was occupied by France, and did not return to the control of its Elector until 1814. In the meanwhile, however, Hanoverian ministers continued to operate out of London, and maintained their own separate diplomatic service (which maintained links to countries such as [[Austria]] and [[Prussia]], with whom the United Kingdom itself was technically at war). In 1814, Hanover became a Kingdom.
==Rouaned Hannover, 1814–1866==
*[[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] (restored) 1814–1820
*[[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]] 1820–1830
*[[William IV of the United Kingdom|William ]] 1830–1837
*[[Ernest Augustus I of Hanover|Ernest Augustus ]] 1837–1851
*[[George V of Hanover|George V]] 1851–1866
==External links==
*[http://www.hoeckmann.de/germany/lowersaxony.htm Kartenn Saks Izel 1789]
[[da:Hannover (land)]]
[[de:Hannover (Land)]]
[[ko:하노버 주]]
[[nl:Hannover (land)]]
[[ja:ハノーファー王国]]
[[no:Hannover (stat)]]
[[zh:汉诺威 (地区)]]
[[Rummad: Broioù kozh Alamagn]]
| 