|
* ''Diwallit! Un enezennig all zo anvet [[Eilean Chaluim Chille]].''
'''Ì Chaluim Chille''' (e [[gouezeleg Skos|gouezeleg]], distaget [ˈxalˠ̪əm ˈçiʎə]), pe ''[[Iona]]'' (e [[saozneg]]), zo un enezenn vihan a-douez an [[Inizi Gall]] e kornôg [[Bro-Skos]], dezhi ul lec'h bras en istor ar gristeniezh e [[Bro-Skos]] evel e [[Breizh-Veur]]. Brudet eo kened ha natur ar vro.
<!--
Its [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]] name is ''Ì Chaluim Cille'' ({{pronounced|iː ˈxalˠ̪əm ˈçiʎə}}) meaning Saint [[Columba]]'s Island; formerly anglicised "Icolmkill", or sometimes just ''Ì'' or ''Idhe''.-->
== Douaroniezh ==
War-hed un [[hanterlev]] emañ eus Enez [[Muile]]. Un hanter levhanterlev a ledander zo dezhi, hag ul lev hanter a hed, gant 125 a dud enni.<ref name=census>[http://www.scrol.gov.uk Scotland Census 2001 - anaylser]</ref>
<!--The island's stone base is covered by a layer of basaltic lava. Like other places swept by ocean breezes, there are few trees with most of these being located around the parish church area.
Iona's highest point is Dùn Ì (101 m, 331 ft), an Iron Age hill fort dating from 100 BC – 200 AD. Its geographical features include the [[Bay at the Back of the Ocean]] and ''Càrn Cùl ri Éirinn'' (the Hill/[[Cairn]] with its Back to Ireland), said to be adjacent to the beach where St. Columba first landed.
==History==
Prior to the 6th century, Iona may already have been a sacred island in the pre-Christian traditions of the [[Iron Age]] inhabitants of the [[Hebrides]]. Though there is no actual physical evidence for this, it would explain why Columba settled on this particular island. In 563 Saint [[Columba]], also known as Colm Cille, was exiled from his native [[Ireland]] as a result of his involvement in the Battle of Cul Dreimhne,<ref>[[Adomnan of Iona|Admonan]] ''The Life of St. Columba, Founder of Hy'' ed. [[William Reeves (bishop)|William Reeves]] (1857) University Press for the Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society. pp. 248-50.</ref> and founded a [[monastery]] on Iona with 12 companions. From there they set about the conversion of [[Paganism|pagan]] Scotland and much of northern [[England]] to [[Christianity]]. Iona's fame as a place of learning and Christian mission spread throughout [[Europe]] and it became a major site of [[pilgrimage]]. Iona became a holy island where several kings of [[Scotland]], [[Ireland]] and [[Norway]] came to be buried.
Many believe that the [[Book of Kells]] was produced, in whole or in part, on Iona towards the end of the 8th century. A series of [[Viking]] raids on the monastery on Iona began in 794, and after its treasures had been plundered many times, Columba’s relics were removed and divided two ways between Scotland and Ireland in 849 as the monastery was abandoned.<ref name=bbc>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/earlychurch/trails_earlychurch_iona2.shtml BBC - Iona - A Beacon of Light Through the Dark Ages]</ref> A [[convent]] for the Order of [[Benedictine]] Nuns was established in 1208, with Beathag, daughter of [[Somerled]], as first prioress. The present [[Benedictine]] [[abbey]] was built in 1203. The monastery itself flourished until the [[Scottish Reformation|Reformation]] when buildings were demolished and all but three of the 360 carved crosses destroyed.<ref>[http://www.scotland.org.uk/guide/Isle_of_Iona Travel Scotland]</ref>
-->
== An Abati ==
[[Skeudenn:Iona Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|Abati Santezan VariItron-Varia, een Iona.]]
[[Skeudenn:Iona.showing.monasteries.jpg|thumb|An abati hag ar manatioù.]]
<!--
Iona Abbey, now an [[ecumenical]] church, is of particular historical and religious interest to pilgrims and visitors alike. It is the most elaborate and best-preserved ecclesiastical building surviving from the Middle Ages in the [[Western Isles]] of [[Scotland]]. Though modest in scale in comparison to medieval abbeys elsewhere in [[Western Europe]], it has a wealth of fine architectural detail, and monuments of many periods.
In front of the Abbey stands the 9th century St Martin's Cross, one of the best-preserved Celtic crosses in the [[British Isles]], and a replica of the 8th century St John's Cross (original fragments in the Abbey museum).
The ancient burial ground, called the Reilig Odhráin (Eng: Oran's "burial place" or "cemetery"), contains the 12th century chapel of St Odhrán (said to be [[Columba]]'s uncle), restored at the same time as the Abbey itself. It contains a number of medieval grave monuments. The abbey graveyard contains the graves of many early [[Scotland/Monarchs|Scottish Kings]], as well as kings from Ireland, Norway and France. Iona became the burial site for the kings of [[Dál Riata]] and their successors.
Notable burials there include:
*[[Kenneth MacAlpin|Kenneth I King of Scots]]
*[[Donald II|Donald II King of Scots]]
*[[Malcolm I|Malcolm I King of Scots]]
*[[Duncan I|Duncan I King of Scots]]
*[[Macbeth of Scotland|Macbeth King of Scots]]
*[[Donald III|Donald III King of Scots]]
In 1549 an inventory of 48 Scottish, 8 Norwegian and 4 Irish kings was recorded. None of these graves are now identifiable (their inscriptions were reported to have worn away at the end of the 17th century).
The graveyard is also the final resting place of [[John Smith (UK politician)|John Smith]], the former Labour Party leader, who loved Iona. His grave is marked with an epitaph quoting [[Alexander Pope]]: "An honest man's the noblest work of God".<ref name=rowe>[http://travel.independent.co.uk/uk/article625010.ece ''Walk Of The Month: The island of Iona''] ''[[The Independent]]'' [[4 June]] [[2006]]</ref>
Other early Christian and medieval monuments have been removed for preservation to the cloister arcade of the Abbey, and the Abbey museum (in the medieval infirmary).
The ancient buildings of Iona Abbey are now cared for by [[Historic Scotland]].
==Other burials==
*Saint Comgan
*[[Saint Otteran]]
*[[Saint Failbhe the Little]]
*Saint [[Baithin]]
*Saint [[Fáilbe mac Pípáin|Failbhe]]
*[[John Smith (UK politician)]]
==Iona Community==
{{main|Iona Community}}
[[Image:Iona Village from seawards.jpg|thumb|left|Baile Mòr, Iona village viewed from the Sound of Iona]]
In 1938 [[George MacLeod]] founded the Iona Community, an ecumenical Christian community of men and women from different walks of life and different traditions in the Christian church committed to seeking new ways of living the [[gospel]] of [[Jesus]] in today's world. This community is a leading force in the present [[Celtic Christianity]] revival.
The Iona Community runs 3 residential centres on the Isle of Iona and on [[Isle of Mull|Mull]]. These are places of welcome and engagement giving a unique opportunity to live together in community with people of every background from all over the world. Weeks at the centres often follow a programme related to the concerns of the Iona Community.
==Other information==
Visitors can reach Iona by the 10-minute ferry trip across the [[Sound of Iona]] from [[Fionnphort]] on [[Isle of Mull|Mull]]. The most common route is via [[Oban]] in [[Argyll and Bute]]. Regular ferries connect to [[Craignure]] on Mull, from where the scenic road runs 37 miles to Fionnphort. Tourist coaches and local bus services meet the ferries.
There are very few cars on the island, as they are tightly regulated and vehicular access is not allowed for non-residents, who have to leave their car in Fionnphort. The island is small enough that one generally doesn't need a car. Bike hire is available at the pier, and on Mull.
Iona Nunnery survives as a series of exquisitely beautiful 12th-13th century ruins of the church and cloister, and a colourful and peaceful garden. Unlike the rest of the medieval religious buildings, the nunnery was too fragmentary to restore, though its remains are nevertheless the most complete survival of a medieval nunnery in Scotland.
Away from the historic buildings, Iona offers enjoyable walks to the north of the island, with pristine white sand beaches, and south and west to the Bay at the Back of the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]].
Pebbles of the famous green streaked Iona marble, commercially mined in the 19th century (the quarry and original machinery survive) can be found on the island's beaches.
Port Bhan beach on the west side of the island is home of the annual [[Iona Beach Party]].
-->
[[Skeudenn:TyIona20030825r17f31.jpg|700px|Iona gwelet eus Mull]]
== Gwelout ==
{{Reflist}}
== Skeudennoù ==
<gallery>
Image:Mull-topographic.iona.label.jpg|Enez [[Mull]], o tiskouez pelec'h emañ Iona
Image:St-martins-cross.jpg|Kroaz Sant Martinius, eus an IXvet kantved
Image:TyIonaNunnery20030825r19f31.jpg|[[Kouent Iona]]
Image:Iona.monochrome.jpg|Iona, an abati ha Dùn Ì
Image:Cloisters of Abbey on the Isle of Iona.jpg|Kloastroù an abati
Image:TyIonaBayAtTheBackOfTheOcean20030825r19f19.jpg|TheAr Bay At The Back Of The Oceanbae
Image:TyIonaStColumbasBay20030825r19f10.jpg|LookingAr towardsgwel St.etrezek Columba'sBae Baysant Koulm
Image:Iona Book Shop.jpg|Levrdi Iona
</gallery>
== Gwelet ivez ==
== Liammoù diavaez ==
{{commonscat}}
* {{en}) [http://www.isle-of-iona.com/ Isle of Iona, Scotland] (produced on behalf of the Iona Community Council)
* {{en}) [http://www.iona.org.uk/ The Iona Community]
* {{en}) Computer-generated virtual panorama [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/ISL/Iona.gif Summit of Iona] [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas.html Index]
* {{en}) [http://www.ionabeachparty.co.uk/ Official Iona Beach Party website]
* {{oscoor gbx|NM2724}}
{{Inizi Gall}}
| 