Moskov : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Arko (kaozeal | degasadennoù) kregiñ an istor |
Arko (kaozeal | degasadennoù) |
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Linenn 64:
== An istor ==
E 1156 e kourc'hemennas priñs Youri Dolgoroukiy a [[Rostov]] da sevel ur voger goat, ar C'hremlin, hag a oa ret adsevel meur a wech evit gwareziñ ar gêr war eskoriñ<ref>{{cite web |url=http://russia.nypl.org/events/Kremlin.html |title=Russia Engages the World: The Building of the Kremlin, 1156–1516 |publisher=The New York Public Library |accessdate=3 a viz Gouere 2006}}</ref>. Goude bezañ bet dizalbadet ha peurzevet ar gêr ha bet lazhet he annezidi gant ar [[Impalaeriezh Vongol|Vongoled]] e 1237–1238 e voe adsavet Moskou hag a zeuas da vezañ kêr-benn [[priñselezh]] [[Vladimir-Souzdal]] e 1327<ref name="golden-ring">{{cite web|url=http://www.moscow-city.ru/download/source/Golden_Ring_Engl.pdf/8-11.pdf |format=PDF |title=Along the Moscow Golden Ring |publisher=Moscow, Kreizenn Kelaouiñ d'an Douristed|accessdate=5 a viz Gouere 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20060723084926/http://www.moscow-city.ru/download/source/Golden_Ring_Engl.pdf/8-11.pdf |archivedate=23 a viz Gouere 2006 }}</ref>. En [[argrec'h]] d'ar stêr [[Volga]] emañ ar gêr, ar pezh a gendaolas d'he c'hresk ingal. Dont a reas da vezañ [[Dukelezh Veur Moskov]], ur briñselezh vleunius a sachas kalz tud eus Bro-Rusia a-bezh.
Gant [[Ivan Iañ Kalita]] e kemero ar gêr plas [[Tver]] evel kreizenn bolitikel Vladimir-Souzdal ha dastumer tailhoù evit an [[Impalaeriezh Vongol]]. By paying high tribute, Ivan won an important concession from the [[Khan (title)|Khan]]. Unlike other principalities, Moscow was not divided among his sons, but was passed intact to his eldest. Moscow's opposition against foreign domination grew. In 1380, prince [[Dmitry Donskoy]] of Moscow led a united Russian army to an important victory over the [[Golden Horde|Tatars]] in the [[Battle of Kulikovo]]. The battle, however, was not decisive and only two years later Moscow was sacked by khan [[Tokhtamysh]]. [[Ivan III of Russia|Ivan III]], in 1480, [[Great stand on the Ugra river|finally broke the Russian people free]] from Tatar control, allowing Moscow to become the center of power in Russia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iusb.edu/~journal/2002/vogel_2/vogel.html|title=The Mongol Connection: Mongol Influences on the Development of Moscow |last=Vogel|first=Michael|publisher=Indiana University South Bend|accessdate=July 3, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060107213535/http://www.iusb.edu/~journal/2002/vogel_2/vogel.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate=January 7, 2006}}</ref> Under Ivan III the city became the capital of an empire that would eventually encompass all of present-day Russia and other lands.
== An hin ==
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