Fortepiano
Ar fortepiano (hervez an italianeg hag ar saozneg), ar piano-forte (hervez ar galleg) eo doare kentañ ar piano, bet ijinet e 1709 gant Bartolomeo Cristofori, un oberour binvioù-seniñ italian, hag a zo bet sonet eus deroù ar Patrom:Bloavezhioù 1710 betek deroù ar Patrom:Bloavezhioù 1800, e-pad ur 100 vloaz bennak eta.
Aozadur
kemmañKerdin metal ha morzholioù goloet a lêr zo d'ar fortepiano. Kalz skañvoc'h eget ar piano a-vremañ eo.
Istor
kemmañIjinadenn Cristofori
kemmañBartolomeo Cristofori, oberour klavioù-kerdin e Firenze, a ijinas ar benveg a reer fortepiano e deroù an XVIIIvet kantved. An testeni kentañ eus ar benveg a gaver e renabl ar re Vedici, implijerien Cristofori, e 1700. Derc'hel a eure Cristofori da ziorren ar benveg betek ar {{bloavezhioù 1720]], ha tri benveg eus an amzer-hont zo chomet.
Levrlennadur
kemmañ- Good, Edwin M. (1982) Giraffes, black dragons, and other pianos: a technological history from Cristofori to the modern concert grand, Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press.
- Marshall, Robert (2003) 18th Century Piano Music, Routledge.
- Parakilas, James (1999) Piano roles: three hundred years of life with the piano. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Pollens, Stewart (1995) The Early Pianoforte. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ripin, Edwin M. (1986) "Piano", 1986 Encyclopædia Britannica
- Ripin, Edwin M. (2001). "Fortepiano (i)". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. S. Sadie and J. Tyrrell. London: Macmillan. Also in Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy.
- Ripin, Edwin M., Stewart Pollens, Philip R. Belt, Maribel Meisel, Alfons Huber, Michael Cole, Gert Hecher, Beryl Kenyon De Pascual, Cynthia Adams Hoover, Cyril Ehrlich, And Edwin M. Good (2001). "Pianoforte I: History of the Instrument". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. S. Sadie and J. Tyrrell. London: Macmillan. Also in Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy.
- Saville, Jonathan (2004). "Anything—up to a Point: An Illuminating Fortepiano Recital by Andrew Willis," San Diego Reader.
Liammoù diavaez
kemmañ- Photo and discussion of the action of Viennese fortepianos, from Carey Beebe Harpsichords
- One of Arnold Dolmetsch's late 19th century fortepianos, from Dolmetsch Online
- Image and discussion of 1795 Dulcken fortepiano, from the Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies
- Images of fortepianos in the Abell Gallery, National Music Museum, Vermillion, South Dakota
- The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Fortepianos in the Museum of the University of Leipzig
- Cobbe Collection, UK
- Finchcocks, UK (developing link)
- Fortepiano Audio Sample Library & MP3 Demos
- fortepiano - photoarchive Photos of historical pianos and their parts / discussion in the forum
- Web page of fortepiano builder Paul McNulty
- R.J. Regier Keyboard Instruments Fortepianos and Harpsichords by R.J. Regier
- More information on early keyboard instruments