Istor Turkia
Istor Turkia (Turkeg: Türkiye tarihi)
Evit mareadoù kent d'ar republik, sell ouzh: Azia-Vihanañ, Hittited, Troia, Lidia, Frijia, Karia, Kilikia, Pergam, Rouantelezh ar Pontos, Galated, Impalaeriezh roman ar Reter, Impalaeriezh otoman
Republik Turkia a zo bet staliet d'an 29 a viz Here 1923 war lodenn greiz an Impalaeriezh otoman a oa bet trec'het er Brezel-bed kentañ ha kollet meur a diriad ganti. Orin Turkia, e-keñver he yezh hag he relijion vuzulman, a vez gwelet adalek donedigezh an Durked e Anatolia an XIvet kantved. Ur bobl war varc'h renet gant ar Seljoukourien, anv o friñsed, e oa. Rummad-roueed an Otomaned a renas anezho e diwezh an XIIIvet kantved hag e kreskjont an impalaeriezh otoman diwar goust hini Kêrgustentin e 1453.
E 1929 e krogas Mustafa Kemal Atatürk gant brezel an Dizalc'h betek embann ar republik e 1923. Republik Turkia a zo he sistem politikel hini ur republik demokratel, laik ha bonreizhel hag a zo bet staliet e 1923. Ur milour ha penn al luskad politikel, an Durked yaouank, e oa Mustafa Kemal (lesanvet Ataturk) gant ur mennozh sklaer: modernaat e vro ha lakaat anezhi da vezañ kevatal d'ar broioù diorroet a wele en Europa.
Gwelet ivez
kemmañLiammoù diavaez
kemmañ- Ahmad, Feroz. The Making of Modern Turkey (Routledge, 1993),
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- Hornblower, Simon; Antony Spawforth (1996). The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
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- E. Khusnutdinova, et al. Mitochondrial DNA variety in Turkic and Uralic-speaking people. POSTER NO: 548, Human Genome Organisation 2002
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- Kosebalaban, Hasan. Turkish Foreign Policy: Islam, Nationalism, and Globalization (Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 240 pages; examines tensions among secularist nationalism, Islamic nationalism, secular liberalism, and Islamic liberalism in shaping foreign policy since the 1920s; concentrates on era since 2003
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- Mango, Cyril. The Oxford History of Byzantium (2002). ISBN 0-19-814098-3
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- Thackeray, Frank W., John E. Findling, Douglas A. Howard. The History of Turkey (2001) 267 pages online
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